Periodical
Nesika: The Voice of B.C. Indians -- Vol. 2 No. 11-12 (November 1973)
- Title
- Nesika: The Voice of B.C. Indians -- Vol. 2 No. 11-12 (November 1973)
- Is Part Of
- 1.06-01.02 Nesika: The Voice of BC Indians
- 1.06.-01 Newsletters and bulletins sub-series
- Date
- November 1973
- volume
- 1
- issue
- 12-Nov
- Language
- English
- Identifier
- 1.06-01.02-02.13
- pages
- 20
- Contributor
- G McKevitt
- Phillip Paul
- Shirley Adams
- Jack Maley
- Gene Errington
- Margaret Woods
- Alfred Recalma
- Bob Reid
- John Cashore
- Dr George Povey
- Gerard Peters
- Type
- periodical
- Transcription (Hover to view)
-
if undeliverable, please return to Union of B.C. indian Chiefs,
2140 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., V6K 2IN2, Canada
"(Chinook meaning e “US”)
THE VOICE OF B.C. INDIANS
Vol. 11, No. 11-12
POSTAGE PAID IN VANCOUVER — SECOND CLASS MAIL Reg. No. 3€25
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1973
NBBC holds
40th annual
convention
By G. McKEVITT
MASSET (Staff) — Delegates of —
the Native Brotherhood of B.C. at
their. 40th annual convention,
December 4-5, passed a resolution
calling for’a working agreement to
be. arranged \with the B.C.
Association of Non-Status Indians.
. .A- resolution was also passed
- recommending the Brotherhood
support the Non-Status Indians in
their struggle for special hunting
and fishing rights.
. The resolutions were, in part, an
answer to a statement of good will
by BCANSI President Fred House
at a convention banquet.
' At that time House told the
delegates and guests that he
wished to include a representative
from the Brotherhood in an up-
coming meeting of BCANSI, the
Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs,,and
the provincial government.’
House. also said that’ he. en-
. visioned a.day in the near future,
UBCIC LAND Claims Research Director Philip Paul :
heads panel on settlement discussions at 5th annual
conference of chiefs. Lawyer Doug Sanders, at Paul’s
right, answer's a question from the floor. Others in the
panel were Barbara ane and Rueben: Ware of the
Assembly wants. B.C. government involved
“possibly three years,’ when all ep
Indians of B.C:,
status, would be united into one
organization: .and the name
of: that organization will be the
Native Brotherhood of B.C.”
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The convention also passed a
resolution defining the role of the
Brotherhood in relation to the
UBCIC, committing NBBC to
- dealing with matters specifically
related to economic development
and, in particular, all apsects of
fishing,
The resolution suggested that
any matters not dealing with these
aspects should be referred to the
UBCIC for action. Similarly, it
suggested that the UBCIC be
requested to respéct the
Brotherhood’s areas of interest.
“Representing UBCIC at the
conference was Assistant
Continued on page 2
See SENATOR
Bands urged
to cooperate
VICTORIA (Staff) — Philip Paul
has. called for cooperation of all
Indian bands regarding the recent
agreement with Fisheries Minister
Jack Davis to set up a committee
to examine problems arising from
native rights.
A meeting in Vancouver between
the minister and UBCIC officials it
was also agreed that the fisheries
department will enter a stay of
proceedings in charges of
Fisheries Act violations against
Indians, if investigations show that
‘ the alleged violations are not
. serious.
'_ It was also agreed that there be a
moratorium on future non-serious
food-fishing charges until the
committee is sitting or has made
its recommendations..
Paul said that it is important that
the committee should be able to do
Continued on page 10
See COMMITTEE
status and -non-:
While ‘they el at most of some
tries to restructure. the Union of
B.C. Indian Chiefs, delegates to the
5th annual chiefs conference
November 20-22. agreed to
negotiate for settlement of land
claims and gave the chiefs council
a free hand to get the B. Cc.
government involved. -
An over-all plan presented by
Philip Paul was approved setting
the aim of the _UBCIC Land
Research Centre to give technical
assistance to Indian people ‘“‘to
design, document, and prepare a
claim respecting native title and
aboriginal rights.”
To meet the need for the ‘‘in-
volvement of Indian people in all
parts of the province,”’ the Centre,
under Paul’s direction, has
initiated two information services:
one directed at band members to
give quick answers to inquiries
about native-rights, the other to
give technical documentation and
analyses.
Recognizing the interest of
persons not having Indian status,
as defined by the Indian Act, but
have ancestry in B.C., delegates
approved a motion to have the
Chiefs Council form a. working
relation with such persons, and, for
those associated with the B.C.
Association of Non-Status Indians,
_seek cooperation from the BCANSI
executive.
UBCIC AND BCANSI
In addition delegates voted in
favor of. a motion to have the
executives of UBCIC and of
BCANSI meet to -establish the
terms of a working agreement
between the two organizations
regarding land claims.
A resolution from. the Masset
Band Council to allow band
representatives on the UBCIC land
claims negotiating team on
matters affecting land and money
settlement for. individual bands —
was also adopted:
Of extraordinary resolutions
presented affecting the structure
of the Union, delegates passed the
change of title from executive
ensure success.
rector. to adminis ator for the
top-senior employee of. the society.
Except, as provided in another
extraordinary resolution passed by.
the assembly, during the first
meeting of the Chiefs Council after
the general annual meeting, the
administrator will not preside at
Council meetings. _ .
The administrator shall attend,
however, all Council :and all
executive committee meetings,
and report to both the Council and
the. executive. :
TWO TERMS ONLY
The assembly also passed an
extraordinary resolution from: the
West Coast District Council
limiting the term of.office of the
Union executive committee
members to two consecutive years
only i
. Extraordinary resolutions to
institute a presidential system for
the Union, and to have the
executive committee members’
elected by delegates at each an-
nual general meeting were
defeated. .
The presidential system was
proposed by: the Musqueam Band
Council to make the organization
have “‘a more functional format”
and offset “political-
administrative upheavals.”
Opponents of the presidential
system. defended the present
- system as “unique” and claimed
that other organizations under the
presidential system are currently
facing organizational problems;
they also objected to changiing into
a “‘non-Indian structure.” ~
ON-GOING DECISION MAKING
‘Those who approved of the
presidential system argued that
the Union now needs a. strong
executive, and that it is necessary
to have an “on-going decision
making body” in place of decisions
‘having to wait.to be made until
Council can get together.
A multiple resolution by the
Neskainlith Band Council - was
passed declaring that Indian
reserves remain so and should be
expanded; that cut-off lands be
‘Blackwater area and
‘maintained these rights without
research staff of the Land Claims Centre in Victoria.
Speaking to the assembly at the start of discussions,
Paul said that a.people’s movement was needed to
[Staff Photo]
n people retain
“ Indian‘status; that Indian people
have all rights to food, fishing,
hunting, mineral and natural
resources, and full water rights to
bands with rivers and streams
running through band lands; that
Indian people ‘on or off-reserve
should not be taxed; and that In-
dian people have priority té Crown
timber rights.
The Seabird Island Band Council
‘presented a resolution, passed by.
the assembly, urging the federal
government to take ‘prompt and
effective action’? to resolve all
problematic leases referred to
them by band councils ‘like any
dedicated, conscientious, and able
trustee would.”
The Kamloops Indian Band
Council, with its current ex-
perience of having a part of
reserve lands included in the
boundary of the city of Kamloops,
presented a resolution, passed by
the assembly, urging amendment
of the B.C. Municipal Act.
. AMENDMENTS NEEDED
The resolution. urged amend-
ments that will insure that city or
municipal boundaries should not
include any part of an Indian
reserve; that if requested by any
band council local governments
- Should supply services to Indian
reserves on contract basis; and
that provincial. tax should not
apply in any way to a non-Indian
person’s occupation of reserve
land. :
A five-year moratorium on all
large scale developments in the
Blackwater River drainage system
will be urged on the B.C. govern-
ment by the Union, following the
adoption of a resolution to this
effect presented by the Nazko and
Kluskus Band Councils.
Unanimously passed by the
assembly, the resolution declared
that the Carrier bands ‘‘maintain
aboriginal title and rights’’ to the
“have
any agreement with any govern-
Continued on page 10
See SELF-RELIANCE
Land claims
negotiations
timely now
PORT ALBERNI (Staff) — The
sooner that B.C. Indians begin land
claim negotiations with the federal
government the better, accoridng
_-to. panel members discussing the
question at the UBCIC convention
here, held November 20-22.
Both UBCIC Lands Claims |
Director, PHilip Paul and lawyer
Doug Sanders emphasized that the
~ present willingness of the Trudeau
government to negotiate was
really only a political move
prompted by their. now tenuous
position as a minority government.
Sanders stated:. “If the next
federal election .produces a
majority Liberal government then
there isn’t the same reason for the
federal government to settle the
B.C, land: claim; the federal
commitment may. disappear. ”
Sanders went on to say he felt
Indian Affairs. Minister :Chretien
was sympathetic, but there was no
“guarantee. that he'would remain in
his position much longer. Trudeau,
he said, was: basically against the
claim.
A FLEETING MOMENT
Philip Paul also touched on this
in his speech saying that the
present government attitude could
“be “‘fleeting moment of sincerity,”
and went on to say: “For our
purposes I believe we should make
our moves as though this was a fact
and plan our strategy ac-
cordingly.’’ (See editorial, page 4).
Doug Sanders, in his speech,
outlined what he said he felt were
the basic ingredients to be con-
sidered to make the settlement a
just one.
Continued on page 8
See LOCAL
Band financial
advisors named
VANCOUVER — In a workshop
Sponsored by the department of
Indian affairs here, November 26-
30, the five financial .advisors to
B.C. Indian Bands. were an-
nounced: :
- Fred Harris, regional office; Bill
Storen, Prince George and
Williams Lake; Steve Rhodes,
Yukon; Derrick Wilde, regional,
and John McClean, Kamloops.
’ Ray Derrickson, UBCIC staff
member in charge of the Rainbow
Accounting System program, also
announced that the regional office
for the financial advisors bought
four RAS manuals.
Resource persons present at the
workshop include Ray Pankhurst,
regional superintendent of finance ©
and administration; Norm Swarta,
band and district audits; and Ken
Curt, superintendent of community
affairs, Kamloops. /
Guest speaker, Ken Weaver,
CGA, spoke on band audits.
The newly named financial
advisors are available to bands
upon written request to the
regional or district offices of DIA.
Page Two
. GEORGE MANUEL, president of the National Indian Brotherhood, takes
the stand to address delegates of the fifth annual Union of B.C: Indian
Chiefs conference. Manuel emphasized his point that people must take.
part in the Land Claims issue. Seated,
George Watts, member of the Chiefs Council.
presiding at the assembly, is
: [Staff Photo]
Government intends to settle
BC land claims like treaties
PORT ALBERNI (Staff) — “The
federal government has no in-
tention of ‘giving you any set-
tlement beyond what they. gave in
the treaty agreernents in the
prairie provinces.” — This war-
ning came from National Indian
‘Brotherhood President, George
Manuel, when he spoke to
delegates at the 5th annual UBCIC
conference. here.
Manuel went on to tell delegates
that they were “kidding”. them-
selves if they expected any more
‘from this or any other federal
government that should be in
power. He said that the only reason
the government recognized
aboriginal rights at all was
because of the “hard political
pressure’’ that has been put on
them.
However, Manuel stated, B.C.
Indians were definitely a minor
political power at present, and they
should be aware of that and work
hard to change it “by developing a
political force among our people, a
political force so strong that they:
cannot ignore us!”
The potential for this political
strength, Manuel said, lay in two
things:
present, he said, the government
- controls the money through the
funding of .band councils and
- organizations such as the UBCIC
and NIB.
AN EASY STOP :
He said that he felt that this fact
will certainly effect indirectly
future negotiations for land claim
settlement, by the constant
knowledge that a good part of the
work now being done by Indian
people towards it could be brought
‘to a halt very. easily by the
government simply deciding to
stop its financial assistance.
“Somehow,” he said, ‘‘we have
to develop a mentality in which we
are not as dependant on govern-
ment funds as we are today.”
Because of this dependence and
uncertainty, Manuel said, the real
potential for solid political power
lies with the people.
To develop this. strength the
leaders have to actively involve
band members in the settlement:
“Every chief, every able-bodied
Indian should have discussions
with the people at the community
level as to what do they really want
in a settlement. Do they want to
retain the reservation system; if
so, under what terms. Are they
satisfied with the present land base
that they have, and so on right
down the line.” :
money and people. At -
Only then, Manuel said, will B.C.
Indians be able to raise the kind of
pressure needed to make the
government listen. :
Manuel also spoke briefly to
remind the delegates of the debt
they owed to their predecessors in :
bringing the lands claim to its
present stage. — : —_
He said that B.C. Indians should.
- be always aware of the dedication
and sacrifice of these people: B.C:
Indians, “Manuel said, ‘were the
- first. in the country to raise the
question of aboriginal rights and
-almost succeeded in. getting a
settlement at the special Joint
.House committee hearing in 1926-
27. :
The agreement which came out
Continued on page 6
_ See MANUEL
NES 1tK A
November-December, 1973
Senator Williams honored as NBBC life member |
Continued from page 1
Executive Director Lou Demerais,
who was introduced by Chairman,
Godfrey Kelly, as coming from
“that new organization.”
In a short address Demerais told
the delegates that the Chiefs
Council wished to hear any
suggestion or advice concerning
the land claim question, and that
he would be pleased to take it back
to them if they -had any,
CONVENTION. THEME
The theme of the convention was
a tribute to the many early leaders
who gave the Brotherhood’ its
beginning and created the : foun-
‘dation for the present. Masset was
a fitting location in this respect as
this was where it all began over 40
years ago under the guidance of
‘the first. president -and. founder --
Alfred. Adams,
member., -
Appropriately, his widow, Mrs.
A. Adams, read the opening
prayer. we se
Also honored at the convention
was former NBBC President Guy
Williams. Williams was the ‘guest
a. Masset band
of honour at the first night banquet -
where he ‘was presented. with a
‘totem pole by the third vice-:
president, Jimmy Sewid of Alert
Bay. :
Jimmy Gosnell, whose father,
Eli, carved the pole, explained that
its. design -was of particular
significance as it did not portray
the line of any single family, but
was made up of symbols taken
from all over the province.
LIFE-TIME MEMBER /
This was. especially fitting,
Gosnell said, as a presentation to a
man like Williams who had served
all-the Indians of .B.C. Williams
, also received an honorary life-time
membership.
A large portion of the convention
was:.taken up .with discussions
concerning commercial . fishing.
Several representatives of the
fisheries department were present
to inform delegates of the sizes of:
last year’s runs and catches in the
various areas along the coast and
the prospects for next year. |
Also discussed was the Indian
Fisherman’s Assistance Program,
a-special grant and loan system
jointly run by Indian affairs and
fisheries.
THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL Native Brotherhood of B.C. conference was
held in Masset, where, 40 years ago, according to the Brotherhood, the
organization was formed. The man who started the whole idea was
Alfred Williams of Masset. Pictured here are members and executive of
Tom Rothery, a fisheries official,
explained that the $4.5 million.
. program had been expanded this
year with an added $750,000 con-
tributed by fisheries to provide
extra staff. /
FAST PROCESSING
One of the, problems in the past,
Rothery said, has been the
inability to process applications
quickly enough. With the loan
coucillor and three extra field
workers made possible by the
extra money, he said, the program
would not be so slowed down by the
paperwork.
Rothery also said that the age of
eligibility for assistance has been
lowered from 21 to 19 and the
maximum period for loan payoffs
has been expanded from ten to 25
years.
There was discussion on the floor
regarding how the board decides to
approve applications. Several
delegates expressed disapproval of
past .decisions' made in. this
respect. »
Resolutions. passed: later in the
convention suggested that the
IF AP board be expanded to nine to
include three extra Native Indian
-members. The board ‘is ‘presently
‘Made up of three Indian and three
-hon-Indian members. It was also
¥
suggested that the Indian mem-
bers all be Native Brothertiood |
people:
TRAINING PROGRAM
Also related to fishing was a new
training program revealed to the
delegates by Fisheries Northern
Operations . Manager
MacLeod.
- The program, actually an ex-
pansion of a smaller pilot project
last year, will offer training by the
fisheries department to young
Indians for careers in both com-
mercial fishing ‘and: the depart-
ment itself. : pe ee
MacLeod. said that the depart-
ment will offer courses ranging in
length from 12 weeks to two years
involving 50 to 60 people over: the
next five year. However, he added,
they were looking at the training
program as a stop-gap measure.
Five years will be the definite
limit of the program, MacLeod
said, and the emphasis during that
. time should be on ensuring that
few changes.
JR.
‘interested Indian children now in
school get their training through
the. technical colleges. i
NEW ELECTIONS
This year’s elections for the
Brotherhood executive produced a
Chris Cook Jr., of Alert Bay,
replaces Jimmy Gosnell as second
vice-president. Gosnell is now the
chairman of the executive, a
position Senator Williams held last
year. / -
The new position of fourth vice-
president was added to provide
representation to the Native
Sisterhood of B.C. and was filled by
Vera. Cranmer. :
Positions left unchanged are:
president, John Clifton of Hartley .
Bay; first vice-president, George
Jeffries of Vancouver; third vice-
president, Jimmy Sewid of Alert
Bay; and secretary-treasurer, Bill
Cook. ‘
- Two positions previously filled
' by appointment: were changed by
resolution to become elected. The
people in them, however, did not
change with Bud’ Recalma of
Qualicum retained: as Business
Agent, and Bill Assu as the
provincial organizer.
SENATE OF ELDERS
~. Some other resolutions passed at —
the. convention were: roe?
— that a senate of Brotherhood
elders. be appointed by the
executive to aid researcher Alvin
Dixon in his work. :
— that the government issue
“Personal Fishing Licences’ to
Canadian citizens because of the
diminishing number. of. licences
‘due to.the Limitation Scheme.’ -
-— that fisheries service not
impede Indian applications for
home consumption fishing ‘permits
and that Indians:living off reserve __
be considered for permits. .
— that Indian fishermen ‘be
given a 24-hour notice on -the
opening of a fishing area.
— that Brotherhood members be
given a greater representation on
the Salmon Welfare’: Board of
Control...
— that the NBBC fees be raised
to $5 to include automatic sub-
scription to the Native Voice
newspaper.
the NBBC, from left to right: Bud Recalma, Senator Guy Williams,
George Jeffrey, Godfrey Kelly, Johnny Clifton, James Gosnell, James
Sewid and Chris Cook Jr.
(Staff Photo)
November-December, 1973
YOUR PU
N ES 1 KA
AUTOPLAN,
BLIC AUTO INSURANCE
GOES INTO EFFECT MARCH Ist, 1974.
HERE’S WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT IT.
Why AutoPlan?
Car insurance costs money. Sometimes, a lot of
money. And sometimes without giving you the
auto insurance protection you really need iand
want. That’s why the Insurance Corporation of
' British Columbia was formed . . . to provide
every driver and car owner in the province with
complete motor vehicle insurance at the lowest
possible cost. And at the same time, to provide
the best possible claims settlernent service.
AutoPlan is a complete and comprehensive
system that will allow you to take care of all
your motor vehicle insurance, and: liceryce
late requirements efficiently, at one location.
ore than 1,000 trained, independent insur-
ance agents throughout the province will pro-
vide AutoPlan service as well as the regular
Motor Vehicle Licence Offices.
There are more advantages to AutoPlan. First,
all drivers and vehicles in British Columbia wil
have insurance. And with everyone insured b
the same company, a lot of lengthy and costly
legal battles will be avoided. Further, all money
from premiums goes back into AutoPlan, to
provide British Columbians with. the lowest
possible premiums and the best possible claims
service.
We believe that AutoPlan makes a lot of sense.
. We think, you will too.
— Pep
C— Gini
What AutoPlan is and when it starts.
AutoPlan is a complete accident compensation
insurance plan for motor vehicles registered in
British Columbia.
It provides compensation for deaths and injur-
ies, as well as major damage resulting from
motor vehicle accidents, regardless of who is |
at fault. AutoPlan also provides liability cover-
age, so that any person injured in an automotive
accident, or who suffers property damage from
a British Columbia vehicle, is assured that the
vehicle owner is financially responsible to the
extent of his coverage.
As of March 1, 1974, all licenced motor vehicles
registered in the province will be required to
carry insurance.
The Basic AutoPlan Coverage.
All private passenger cars that are 1967 models
or newer and commercial vehicles. that weigh
less than 8,000 pounds gross vehicle weight
and are 1967 or newer are considered to be
Category 1... all other vehicles ‘are considered
to be Category 2. . :
pie basic coverage for all vehicles protects you
or:
+ $50,000 Third Party Liability . . . claims for
bodily injury or property damage caused
to others.
- There are “no fault” accident benefits for
death and disability, weekly indemnity,
medical, rehabilitation, and funeral ex-
penses up to the specified maximum
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As well, basic coverage for Category 1 vehicles
also includes:
« Collision damage to your vehicle over the
basic $250 deductible.
- Loss or damage from other perils ... such
as. fire, theft, explosion, earthquake and
violent weather ... over $50,
Optional Supplementary Coverage.
When you arrange for your AutoPlan insurance:
oe can, in most cases, increase your third party
fability to $100,000, $200,000, $300,000,
~ $500,000 or $1,000,000. Collision deductibles
can be decreased to either $100 or $50; and
the comprehensive deductible can be de-
creased to $25.
You can discuss these points with your insur-
_ ance agent when you receive your AutoPlan
form later this year.
How to get AutoPlan Insurance.
« Late in December, you'll be sent a personalized’
application form which combines your Motor
Vehicle. annual re-registration form and Auto-
Plan insurance application..As soon as this is
received, you will be able to obtain AutoPlan
insurance and the 1974 validation sticker for
your vehicle licence plates.
When the form arrives, simply take it to-one of
the more than 1,000 independent insurance
agents, or to a Motor Vehicle Licence Office.
Both have specially trained personnel who will
help you fill out the form properly, calculating.
_ ©: your insurance and licencing costs. At the same:
time, they will provide you’ with your 1974
‘licence validation sticker. We recommend that ~
you work with your agent, rather than attempt-
ing to fill in the form on your own.
AutoPlan insurance can also be obtained by
mail for most types of cars and light commercial
vehicles: however, we suggest that wherever
possible, you take the AutoPlan form, as it
arrives in the mail, to your independent insur-
ance agent or Motor Vehicle Licence Office.
What to do if you're going to be away early
in 1974.
If you’re going to be away from home with your
car .rom now until after March 1, it is important
that you make arrangements. immediately to
have the form forwarded to you.
You can do this by passing on full details—such
as your name, vehicle licence number, address
and forwarding address—to the Personal Lines
Manager, Insurance Corporation of British
Columbia. His telephone number is Area Code
604, 665-5875. Call collect. Or write to Box
11131, Royal Centre, Vancouver, V6E 3R4.
How much will AutoPlan cost?
With all motor vehicle insurance being taken
care of by one company, insurance costs are
expected to be lower than you are presentl
paying. However, this is something that you'll
really only be able to find out once your Auto-
Plan form arrives and when you talk to your
agent. The form contains information on factors
which affect the cost of insurance, such as the
size and age of the car, and how and where it
is used. Some details also have to be deter-’
mined by you or your agent.
The key is your agent. Special training will allow
him to quickly calculate the exact amount of
your particular auto insurance, including any
optional extensions you may want.
Insuring your car from now until March 1.
Between now and March 1, when AutoPlan
goes into-effect, you can obtain private car in-
surance from most independent insurance
agents. If the agent who handled your insurance
in the past is not able to help you, see one of
the others in your community or contact the
Insurance Agents Association of B.C., 325 Howe
Street, Vancouver, telephone 683-8471. They
can provide you with the name of an agent
near you who will provide the service you
require. " :
Your driving record and your premium.
In addition to the premiums for motor vehicle
insurance, each driver will pay a separate pre-
mium as a driver. The amount will vary accord-
ing to the driving record of each individual. In
this way, people with poor driving records will
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more demerit points you have.on your licence,
the more your driver’s insurance will cost you.
A notice of your driver's insurance premium will
be mailed to you early in March, 1974.
AutoPlan time payments.
Your agent or Motor Vehicle Licence Office will
arrange. time payments if you wish. Terms will
be cash for your vehicle licence fee and 15%
of your AutoPlan premium. The balance can be
paid in six monthly installments.
AutoPlan Claims Service.
Drive-In.Claims Centres are now under con-
struction in key locations throughout the pro-
vince: At these centres, repair. costs’ will be
assessed and authorization issued for. making
repairs. :
Claims in areas not served by one of these
centres will be handled by travelling adjusters.
If you are involved in an accident outside British
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collect and be advised of a nearby source of
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You probably have many questions that this
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these questions will be answered in a helpful
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~ Right now, he’s undergoing a comprehensive
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completed in December, he'll be able to give
you all the help you need.
A key to many of your questions will be found
in your computer-prepared personalized licence
renewal and insurance application form. So
wait until this form arrives late in December.
Then, consult with your insurance agent. His
services will be very helpful.
THE INSURANCE
CORPORATION
OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA
Page Three
er 1973
: DRI NTS
James Bay: exemption from rule of law?
The Gazette, Montreal
November 23, 1973 /
The decision of the- Quebec-Court
of Appeal, granting a motion to
suspend the temporary injunction
ordering a stoppage of the James
Bay works, is disconcerting and
bewildering. It is disconcerting
because the constitutional eights of
the Indians and Eskimo seem to
have been subordinated for a time
to the interests of the majority of
Quebecers. It is bewildering
because the appeal court has of-
fered such a brief explanation of its
Suspension of the application of
Justice Albert Malouf’s enor-
mously detailed and closely
reasoned judgment.
We have neither the competence
nor the intention to try to sit in
judgment ourselves, or to presume
to substitute editorial comment for
the. rigorous procedure of
judgment under the law. But ‘the
suspension of the temporary in-
junction raises questions for us, as
we believe it will for the general
public, and we would’ like to ex-
- plore some of those questions.
Where is the rule of law when
citizens’ rights can be set aside if
the majority interest is found to be
overriding? There are occasions
when exceptional legislation, such
as. the War Measures Act, provides
for suppression of rights for the
higher public good. But do such
circumstances, or. does. such
particular legislation, pertain in
the James Bay case?
Then again, the law must be
respected to be effective, and must
be understood to be respected. How
can such a major reversal as we
have just witnessed foster respect
for law when it is accompanied by
such meager explanation? —
RIGHTS AND INTERESTS
Why do these questions arise?
The appeal court notes that the
constitutionality of the provincial
legislation that assigned James
Bay development to the respon-
sible corporations has been called
in question in a case yet to be
heard. Meantime, the court states,
that legislation must be deemed
The right to trample
over citizens legal
The Vancouver Province
November 23, 1973
In allowing work to resume on
the James Bay hydro-electric
project, the Quebec Court of Ap-
peal-is saying, in effect, thst the
Quebec government has the
‘constitutional right to use any land
in the public interest, even if In-
dian aboriginal rights over it may
‘ be legally sustained.
|
It. made no judgment.as to those
_, rights.” But it ruled. that’ the -
“ Iégistation ‘passed: in*the general:
ind public “interest outweighs the:
interest of 2,000 native people in the
James Bay region.
It overturned an injunction
issued by Mr. Justice Albert
Malouf, who said that if work were
allowed to continue the project
would become a fait accompli even
before the Indian rights question
was decided. His basic finding was
that the native people have rights
to the land that was never ceded by
’ treaty to the province and that the
project should not go ahead
without such treaties being
reached. .
_.The implication of the Malouf
_ decision would be that the project
would. depend on the outcome of
negotiations with the native
people. Presumably, it could be
stopped if an agreement couldn’t
be reached in those negotiations.
The appeal court’s decision
implies that a decision by the
Hansard report.
‘The Hansard reports the
following, after Minister Chretien:
had assured Joe Clark (Rocky
Mountain) that the steel wall built
around Indian affairs offices have
been removed on Chretien’s or-
ders:
Clark: ‘‘May I have
assurance that the practice of
putting up obstacles to. keep out
native people will not be extended
to district offices, as I asked in my
original question?”
Chretien: ‘‘Mr. Speaker, I will
take all the necessary steps to
make sure these people have ac-
cess to my. officials and my
department, but I will never, put up
with people who want to use
violence in order to make their
point.”
Flora MacDonald (Kingston and
the Islands): ‘“Mr. Speaker, I have
a supplementary question for the
Minister of Indian Affairs...
Would the minister assure the
House that in the meantime he has
not taken official action to rename
the headquarters building of his
department ‘Fort Chretien’?”’
Speaker: ‘Order please.”
the’
Quebec government should not be
frustrated by Indian claims to the
land any more than a_ private
property owner of any other race
has a right to stand in the way of
the “general and public interest.”
This is the essential principle i in all
expropriation law.
The right of private property are
not extinguished by government
decisions. Those rights basically
deal with fair. compensation. The
life and welfare of. a__ private
property owner may be, damaged |
‘in the sameway. that the James.
Bay Indians claim their lifestyle is
"being endangered. But that private
owner has no right to stand in the
way of government policy.
Such law may seem harsh. to
Indian interests. -But if the Quebec
government has not been suf-
ficiently solicitous of Indian in-
terests, the appeal court’s decision
doesn’t release it from an
obligation to be fair.
But the majority have rights too.
And in our system, the majority
rights carry the most weight, as
the appeal judges said.
‘vegetation
NESIK
titled to continue their work. and
follow the legislation’s provision to
give “‘priority to Quebec interests”
pending decision on the appeal
against the Malouf judgment.
Yet Justice Malouf, in his
reasons for granting the tem-
porary injunction, did not call to
question the constitutionality of the
legislation. That was not the issue
before him. What he did was find
that the provincial legislation itself
preserved the constitutional rights
of the Indians and Eskimo under
section 43, which states, ‘“‘This Act
shall in no way affect rights of
Indian Communities living in the
Territory.”
The judge went on to state, ‘“‘The
evidence discloses, without any
shadow of doubt, that the rights of
Indian communities living in the
territory are being adversely af-
fected by the works.’’ Of the cor-
porations, he observed, ‘‘They are
acting in excess of their lawful
authority...’
HOW URGENT? |
The question of urgency was also
important to Justice Malouf. in
granting the interim injunction. He
found that ‘‘damages to the flora
and fauna have already taken
place. Further considerable
damage will be caused by the
works which are presently going
on.”
At another point he stated, “It is
clear that if the works continue,
irreparable harm and injury will
be. caused to petitioners (the In-
dians and Eskimo). It will not .be
possible to bring back to life the:
fish and animals which will die, nor
will it be possible to bring back the
which will | be
destroyed.” He added, “‘I have no
doubt that, on the other hand, the
injuries which Tespondents’ (the
corporations) will sustain. if the
injunction. is. issued are not. in the.
nature of irremediable damage.”
He stated further that “‘a_con-
tinuation of the works will wun-
doubtedly lead to.a fait accompli.”’
These arguments put forward by
Justice Malouf would appear to the
layman to'be relevant to the
question of whether the injunction
he approved should be suspended.
Yet neither his observations
relating to the constitutional rights
of the Indians, nor to the urgency of
halting the work, appear to have
received full consideration in the
suspension order.
THE EDITOR'S COLUMN
Indian people also interested in
right development in James Bay
Two editorials are reprinted in
this issue on the James Bay case.
One, the Province editorial, would
be amusing — if it were not
ominous — by its “‘Amen”’ to the
idea that law, or. justice, or fair-
ness lies on the side. of numerical
superiority.
In an article in the Ottawa _
Journal, November 29, 1973
(UBCIC Administrator James
Deacey’s dad has been faithfully
clipping and sending), Boyce
Richardson, writer and film-
maker, says of the Quebec appeal
court decision:
“Appeal court decisions against
interlocutory injunctions are very
rare, and have been based on a
gross error in law by the judge ...
Judge Malouf’s decision was based
on the reality of Indian rights, and
the irreparable damage being done
to them by the project. But in spite
of all these factors, the appeal
court judges did not consider In-
dian rights at all, did not ask the
James Bay Development Cor-
poration to justify their’ appeal or
argue the grounds for it, shifted the
burden of proof on to the Indians to
show cause why the work should
not be resumed, and demonstrated
considerable impatience with
every legal argument placed
before them by:the Indians’ lawyer
As one happy saying goes,
“Don’t bother me with facts; my
mind is made up.”
* * *
All of these is “‘fair’’ if ‘“‘harsh,”’
so the Province editorial tells us.
The heart of the judges were in the
right places: in the interest of the
Quebec majority as against the
interests of a mere 2,000 Indians,
and in the so-called principle of
expropriation. So, never mind if
the Quebec government was not
“sufficiently solicitous’’ about only
2,000 Indians,
* ok OK
What, for the sake of argument,
are the interests of the majority in
Quebec?
Energy, jobs, and, on second
thought, environment; so the
Quebec government says. But did
the Indians, the minority, say they
are not interested in these?
Haven’t they said they do not
oppose the development, but want
it only modified so that they can
take part in it and also protect their
Continued on page 11
See IF
The other view: Indian women can
Terrace, B.C.
November 20, 1973
Dear Editor:
Re: Roxanne'Brown’s letter
I don’t often like to. acknowledge
emotional, broad, and rash
statements. Such criticisms, such
behavior, we, as children, were
told, should roil off one. But the
feminist in me is a bit stronger
than my Indian upbringing.
I have a sister-in-law who, alas,
fell in love with a non-Indian!
They’ve been married now for
nearly five years. She plants a big
garden every year just like her
Indian grandmother. She puts up
much food for the winter. She is
proud and knowledgeable of her
Nishga heritage. She wears her
hair long and straight. Her
children are learning Nishga, and
are being disciplined like Nishgas
used to be.
Both my sister-in-law and her
spouse often go to Aiyansh to take
part in village activities, be they
Nishga, social, or religious. My-
brother-in-law has made more
progress learning and — un-
derstanding our Nishga than we
have his, and yet he’s been exposed
to it far shorter a time than we
have been exposed to the non-
Indian culture.
My sister-in-law is completely
comfortable with her husband’s
people and with the Nishgas; half
the time we forget her husband is
not Indian.
The point I am trying to get
across is this: both sides of the
family have benefited from this
Reserves not
supporting —
people well
In a recent letter to the editor
Ben Abel came out with disgusting
racist remarks, ‘‘When you marry
a white man, you betray your own
race: ...”’ and “The grass looked
better on the other side. Now you .
want to come back and stick your
head where it doesn’t belong:”
Well, Mr. Abel, I too have Indian .
blood in me — blood that is just as
old and good as yours — but I
would appear white to you. My wife
is Indian, but to you she would be a
traitor for marrying me. I have
five beautiful daughters now
growing up — some of them nearly
adults — but I guess that they
would not be good enough for a
pure blood racist to marry.
Well, you just be something
special sitting there on your little
reserve happily ignoring the fact
that half of the people who are of
Indian blood do not live on.
reserves, don’t particularly want
to, and have no intention of sharing
your little plot of land, which,
probably, has neither electricity,
_ sewer, nor a hospital nearby, and
is not supporting even you, Mr.
Abel, in any great state of luxury.
As for the contemptible practice
of evicting your own sisters and
playmates who marry white men
and who suffer a separation — and
then, when they need help most,
try to come back to their old home
with their children — people like
you put their moccasins in their
faces, is that how Indian men now
.display their manliness and
purity?
Real people who fought for In-
dian rights, such as Louis Riel and
Gabriel Dumont, would have
scorned the likes of you. While
people whine about somebody
sharing their outside toilet, others,
like Fred House, are trying to build
a nation of free men in Canada
where racism does not exist.
Grow up, Mr. Abel.
Jack Maley
Vancouver
be happily married to whitemen
valid. The corporations are en-:
marriage. It is true that our sister
has lost her status Indian rights,
but she does not appear to be
destitute nor is she despondent, nor
arrogant.
She doesn’t mind being an In-
dian. She’ maintains all her
hereditary family rights. She is
very much appreciated by all her
brothers, her parents, and sisters- .
in-law because we all know she will
go to the village when we need her.
She is a very dependable young
woman. .
Surely, there are others like her
and her husband!-Two. ordinary -
young people making an effort to
-be good péople, too busy to bear a
grudge or step on anyone’s
feelings.
Sincerely,
Shirley Adams
Men shouldn’t
tell women
what to do
Vancouver Status of Women
2029 W. 4th Avenue
Vancouver 9, B.C..
November 28, 1973
Dear Editor:
I read with interest the letter by
Clive Linklater in your . October
issue, and was somewhat confused
as to whether he felt white women
had not done enough for their In-
dian sisters, or whether, by
protesting the Indian Act and the
recent Supreme Court decision, we
were doing too much. :
T must. agree that many of us
_ have never talked; or have never
* ‘talked- enough, to Indian women,
‘and when we do we are appalled
and shamed by the conditions they
are struggling against — con-
ditions that often make our own
_seem somewhat trivial by com-
parison. But this does not, I feel,
preclude us working together in
whatever way we can to pursue the
elusive goal of equality.
Mr. Linklater wonders, ‘Why
now?” Because, Mr. Linklater, it
was not until now that women of all
races, of all classes, have begun to
realize their collective oppression
in a male-dominated society.
This means that our values, our
standard of living, our social class,
‘and even, according to the Indian
Act, our race are determined by
either the man we are born of or.
the man we marry. ‘
Indian men suffer dieceminacian
under white male values; white
women suffer discrimination
under white male values; Indian
women suffer discrimination
doubly because they are both In-
dian and women. “Cleaning up”
our own house, as Mr. Linklater
suggests," means to me that ail
women must work togéther in
whatever way we can to help each
other. We have waited too long for
men to do it for us.
I must add that I resent Mr.
Linklater exercising once again
the male prerogative of telling
women that it is he thinks they
should do. As women, what we
really need is to hear from our
sisters, to talk to our sisters, to
decide ourselves what must be
done and how to ahieve it.
Sincerely,’
B. Gene Errington
Ombudswoman
Chief Noll
WESTBANK
.Derriksan has-been appointed to
.the Indian Craft Development
Board.
The appointment was announced
by F.J. Walchli, regional
superintendent of economic
development, DIA.
The board will oversee the
commercial development.of Indian
arts and crafts in B.C.
Page Six
Manuel warns:
Continued from page 2
of that, known as the B.C. Spediak;
should be regarded as a symbokof:
the commitment of the Indians of:
that time who had to pay out of
their own pocket: to present their
case.
DEFINE ARRANGEMENTS
Manuel also commented on the
proposed’ working agreement
between the status and ‘non-status’
organizations in B.C., saying that
they ‘should be very careful about
the conditions when going into such
arrangements.
Manuel said that in many. cases
such agreements were gone into
too rashly and without a real un-
derstanding of the implications.
He likened it to some marriages:
“A man and a woman may want to
marry, and yet they don’t know
enough about each other. Still they
have other priorities at the
time... immediate appeal. Six
weeks later, they’re sick of each
other.”
Manuel went on to say: “I’ve
been frustrated, I’ve been sad-
dened, and, quite often, hurt by the
division of our Indian people right
across the cotintry, and the reason
these divisions come about is
because we often agree to support
each other without really defining
under what principles we wish to
do so.”
Manuel said, however, that he
thought that the cooperation
between the two organizations was
basically a good thing.
«= PORT ALBERNI (Staff) + The
-assembled:chiefs at the-5th-annual
UBCIC : conference :here: have |):
unanimously: adopted a.-resolution: « :
expressing support for the Indians -
of Quebec who are fighting to stop
the James Bay project of the
provincial government.
The resolution. - declares:
“Whereas, the Indian people of ~
James Bay have been struggling to
protect .and preserve their
aboriginal rights and their way of
life, and.
“Whereas, the Quebec Superior
Court, after ‘hearing six months of
evidence cand -..four ...months. , of
deliberation from the «Indian
people and from technical experts,
ruled that the James Bay project
was illegal and must stop, and
“Whereas, the Quebec Court of
Appeal has, after only four days of
deliberation, decided to. reverse
the decision of the Quebec Superior
Court and permit the James Bay
project to continue in spite of the
opposition of the Indian people,
“Therefore, be it resolved that
this annual meeting of the Union of
British Columbia Indian Chiefs
“1) declare its support for the
Indians of James Bay in their
struggle to protect their rights
and. stop the James Bay
project,
“2) send a telegram of full
support to the Indians of
Quebec Association,
“3) ask the Union of British
Columbia Indian Chiefs to call
on the federal government of
appear in the Supreme Court of
departments and agencies:
Agriculture
Auditor-General
Communications
Environment
Finance
Information Canada
National Defence
National Museum.
Post Office =
Public Works
R.C.M.P.
Statistics Canada
Veterans’ Affairs
Urban Affairs
the Yukon and also in Ottawa.
CLOSING DATE: January 15, 1974
| Public Service Canada
SUMMER EMPLOYMENT 1974
THIS COMPETITION IS OPEN TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
Apply now if you are interested in Career-Oriented Summer Em-’
ployment opportunities with the Federal Government.
In the Summer of 1973 students from British Columbia were em-
ployed in Career-Oriented positions with the following government
National Revenue, ‘Customs & Excise
Unemployment Insurance Commission
* Students were placed in several locations in British Columbia. and
Note: Students from ALL faculties are invited to apply.
_ ELIGIBILITY: All full-time students in universities, community colleges
and technical institutes intending to return to their studies in 1974-75.
Appointments as a result of this competition are subject to the provisions
of the Public Service Employment Act.
TO APPLY: Submit.a UCPA form (available at your placement office or
at the Public Service Commission office) and a list of courses taken, to:
Public Service Commission of Canada
203 - 535 Thurlow Street
Vancouver, B.C.
V6E 3L4
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION contact your placement office or call the
Public Service Commission at 666-1491,
COMPETITION 7 4-4200
Canadian Penitentiary Service
-Consumer -& Corporate Affairs
Energy, Mines & Resources
Indian & Northern Affairs
Industry, Trade & Commerce
Manpower & Immigration
Ministry of Transport
National Health & Welfare
» National Parole Board
Public Service Commission
Public Service Staff Relations
Regional Economic Expansion
Secretary of State
Supply & Services
Nu ES Iku An
Canada to-support the appeal
by the Indians of James Bay
asking: that. the. injunction be
restored,. .....:
4) send. telegrams. ‘to Prime
Minister’ Trudeau, to the
Minister of Justice, and to the
Minister of ._Indian Affairs
calling upon the federal
government to have counsel
present in the Supreme Court of
Canada . supporting . sub-
missions of. the Indians. of
James Bay.”’
CIACCIA NAMED -
Former assistant’ deputy
minister of Indian affairs John
Ciaccia, now a Liberal member of
the Quebec legislature, was named
to negotiate native land claims. in
the James Bay area.
The appointment appears to
have pleased the native. people,
while Ciaccia was hopeful that he
can negotiate a settlement before
the courts can act decisively. Time -
magazine reports that Ciaccia was
responsible in getting Chretien to
agree to give the $500,000 aid to the
Indians.
Indian Affairs Minister Jean
Chretien, under conservative MPs
attack for failure of the govern-
ment to look after its constitutional
duty directly, is reported to have
said that he would take “‘all legal
. steps to protect the Indians’
rights” in the face of Quebec’s
possible try to bring the case to the
Supreme Court of Canada.
The James Bay case began in
April, 1971, when Premier Robert
Bourassa announced the project at
as estimated cost of $10 billion.
TO FLOOD 6,000 SQ. MI.
The hydroelectric power
development would produce 12
million kilowatts of electricity
from about 11 power stations to be
constructed. Initial plans called for
the damming of six to seven great
rivers in “‘untouched’’ wilderness
in northern Quebec,
about 6,000 square miles. of land.
Quebec Indians, learning of the
project through the premier’s
announcement, called meetings
among themselves as well as with
Quebec Hydro.
Hydro apparently refused to talk
with the Indians. After the report
of a task force of scientists, set up
John Young
VANCOUVER — ‘Fred House’s
Kissinger’ — this is how former
Campbell River High School
Principal. John Young has been
called in his position as consultant
to the B.C. Association of Non-
* Status Indians.
As assistant to BCANSI
President House, Young had
helped prepare the association’s
brief to the provincial government
regarding aid in housing,
education, employment, and
northern development. —
After seven years as principal
Young was fired in August 1972 by
the Campbell River school board.
The firing was. upheld by the |
provincial board of reference on
appeal.
Young, still. undecided about
going back to being an educator,
said that he only seems radical
because school board members are
“outrageously conservative —
most of whom are businessmen
and chamber of: commerce
“types.”” :
Grant to KASN
HAZELTON — The construction
of an. exhibition centre has
received aid with a grant of $75,000
to the ‘Ksan Indian Village
Museum.
The grant from the secretary of
state department was made under
the National Museum Policy set
out in 1972, for making Canadian
museum collections available to
the widest possible number of
Canadians. .
The ’Ksan exhibition centre will
include space for-its collection of
_.Northwest Coast Indian artifacts.
“and flood
by. the . Indians — to study
exhaustively likely effects. of the
development, the native leaders
met with the provincial govern-.
ment, and later with Bourassa.
The. Indians came out of the
meeting with the premier into a
decision to take legal action to stop
the -project. They” petitioned the
Superior Court for a permanent
injunction, more than a year catter
the project was unveiled.
DECISION TAKES A YEAR
In a decision. handed down
almost a year from the start of the
case in November, 1972, Justice
Malouf of the Quebec Superior
Court granted a temporary in-
junction until a final hearing rules
on the case.
Justice Malouf pointed out: “In a
case of this nature, the con-
tinuation of the works will lead toa
factual situation which cannot be
properly and effectively remedied
by a final judgment.”
Malouf’s judgment also outlined
Indian and Inuit rights based on
arguments that they have
usufructory rights to the land being
in possession an occupation since
time immemorial and “exercising
fishing, hunting, and trapping
rig hts.”
Further, Justice Malouf found:
“Tt has been shown that the
Government of Canada entered
into treaties with © Indians
whenever it desired to obtain lands
for the purpose of settlement or
otherwise.
“In view of the obligation
assumed by the Province of
Quebec in the legislation of 1912, it
appears that the Province of
Quebec cannot develop or other-
wise open up these lands for set-
tlement.. . without prior
agreement of the Indians and’
Eskimo.
“The evidence also shows that
the rights of the Cree Indian and
Inuit population have never. been
extinguished.”
QUEBEC ADMITS RIGHTS
Malouf said that Quebec admits
through the Act of 1912 that Indians
possessed rights recognized
| negligent taxpayers, some 35
Ciaccia at home.. .
the tax-man calls
MONTREAL (Special) —
John Ciaccia, former assistant
deputy minister of the depart-
ment of Indian affairs, recently
almost had his $100,000-home
sold out. from under him, the
Montreal Gazette has learned.
Ciaccia, who resigned from
DIA in time to successfully run
as a Liberal in the fall Quebec
provincial election, and who is
now Premier Robert
Bourassa’s negotiator with the
Indians of the James Bay
region, had neglected to pay
$13,042 in back municipal taxes.
Claiming it was an oversight,
Ciaccia said that the people
handling his affairs while he
was working in Ottawa failed to
see to it that the taxes dating
back three years were paid.
Had the debt not been paid by
November 27, the municipality
of Beaconsfield might have |
been forced to sell his luxurious
home, which is situated on three
city lots.
According to records, the
former top civil servant owed
$7,764 for municipal and school
taxes for the current year, and
some $2,600 each for 1971 and
for 1972 in municipal taxes.
Allen Mainville, treasurer for
Beaconsfield, said that when
notices were first sent out to
were in arrears, and by the time
his office began sending
registered letters, Ciaccia and
three others had still not paid
up.
Pa note to our James Bay
brethers: and sisters: Be
Careful.
Novem ber-December, 1973
Chiefs. want government action on James Bay
through history by the Hudson’s
Bay Company charter. of 1670, by
' the Royal Proclamation. of. 1763,
and by the 1870 agreement giving
the Dominion of Canada the
territories known as Rupert’s
Land.
In his judgement, Malouf also
disallowed the cases of the Indians
of Quebec Association and of the
Northern Quebec Inuit Association
on grounds they ‘couldn’t bring
action on behalf of their members,
This left only 1,271 James Bay
Crees and 384 Inuit, ‘who signed
powers of attorney to. their cheifs,
as valid petitioners.
This number of petitioners was
cited by the appeal court judges in
ruling that. general interest out-
weighs native people’s interest in
the James Bay region.
The appeal court, sitting for
almost less than five minutes,
suspended Justice Malouf’s
temporary injunction. Opposition
MPs have suggested the court may
have acted hastily.
DOUBT ABOUT THE LAW
The suggestion is like what Chief
Andrew Delisle, IQA president,
said after the appeal court ruling
came down: “‘We feel the evidence |
was not looked into completely.”
Robert Kanatewat, chief of the
Cree band at Fort George — at the
mouth of La Grande River, about
60 miles froma big dam site — was
concerned at. how his people will
receive the suspension of Justice
Malouf’s injunction.
“T think ut is going to extend
their doubt about the law. They
have little knowledge in law and of
court cases,’’ said Chief
Kanatewat.
Developers and union leaders in
Quebec were pleased. A
spokesman for the developers
reportedly made the assurance
that workers will make up for lost
time and put the program back on
schedule before the end of’ the year...
A spokesman for the unions, on |
- the other hand, while admitting the
“great relief’? of construction
workers, was said to express hope
that Quebec will negotiate a set-
tlement with the native people.
“The natives of the North have
their rights, and we recognize
this,” the spokesman said.
IMPLICATIONS IN B.C.
Legal opinion in B.C., based on
the fact that native rights in the
province have not been. ex-
tinguished as in Quebec, has
suggested that B.C. Indians can
now choose to assert native title
through court injunctions to stop
B.C. government development in
the province.
Commenting on the effect of the
Quebec Superior Court decision in
B.C. is the lawyer who represents *
the Nishga land claims, lawyer
Don Rosenbloom.
Rosenbloom noted that the
Malouf judgment is the third of
legal success won by native people
in less than a year.
The first was the Supreme Court
" judgement on the Nishga case in
January, and the second was the
Northwest Territories Court
judgement in September.
Wedding news
from Terrace
By MARGARET WOODS
Paul Scodane and Violet McNeil
were married at St. Matthew’s
Anglican Church on November 17,
1973.
For the reception a dance and
banquet was held at the Terrace
Hotel Banquet Room. Playing was
the “Us Guys” from Kispiox.
The marriage day also was the
groom’s birthday. Paul and his
bride are Nishgas from the Nass,
Paul originally from Aiyansh and
Violet from Greenville. They are
now residing in Terrace.
Paul is the son of Mrs. Olive
Cherkey and Violet is the daughter
_of Mr. and Mrs. Rufus McNeil.
Maid of honor was Millie Wright
and best man was Ed Wright.
Page Eight
-N E S§ 1 K A
November-Décember, 1973
DELEGATES TO STH ANNUAL CHIEFS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Continued from page 1
These, he said, could be divided
into three. main categories: land,
legal rights, and money. In regards
to land, Sanders said, it is
necessary that each band have a
sufficient amount to provide an
economic base for whatever en-
deavors its part of the province is
suitable: for, such as mining,
forestry, fishing, etc.
Whatever the case, he said, the
present reserves have to be
guaranteed and protected in the
settlement.
Similarly, in legal rights, he
said, special status for B.C. In-
dians must. be maintained and
strengthened. At present, Sanders
stated, B.C. Indians have fewer
rights than those in the rest of
Canada in matters such as hunting
and fishing for food. This must be
rectified, he said, for any set-
tlement to be just.
CAPITAL NEEDED
He said also that special rights
regarding commercial fishing and
water use for irrigation should be
included as well.
Regarding money, Sanders said,
the settlement should work
towards gaining capital to use in
the reserve communities for
housing, education, economic
development etc., and not as in the
old treaties which provided small
payments per person.
WEST FRASER District delegates enjoy a break in.
serious talks. From the left is Sechelt Chief Henry
aboriginal
STONE ELECTIONS
WILLIAMS LAKE — Incumbent
Tony Myers was elected by ac-
clamation recently for another
two-year term as chief of the Stone
Indian Band Council. ~
Wilfred Williams ‘and Lloyd
Myers were elected as councillors.
Chief Myers, now on his fifth
term, had not wanted to run again
but. was persuaded to accept the
position.
the
Sanders also outlined
direction he felt should be taken in
researching and compiling
evidence for the claim. He
suggested to the delegates that it
should take place in two areas.
First of all, he said, there should
be centralized research bringing
together all the data relevant to the
claim into one place. Secondly,
however, the research and
decisions must be decentralized
too and involve as many people at
the local level as possible. \
NEED UNIFIED. BARGAINING
There is no way, he said, that a
claim taking into account the in-
dividual needs of each band in B.C.
could be worked out successfully
from one central agency.
“However, when it comes down
to bargaining,” he said, “B.C:
Indians must stand as a single unit,
working from the strongest
position possible.”
Later, Philip Paul presented a
paper outlining in more detail the
proposed direction that the claim
research would take and _ the
specific functions of the research
centre in Victoria. The peper states
the objective of the claim, which is
“... restitution of land and
rights wherever
possible, and where this is no
longer possible, the claim is for
compensation for deprivation of
property and rights.”
Four main functions of the
proposed centre were outlined in
the paper. Firstly, the centre
would provide two continuing
information services: one, to keep
interested Indian people
throughout the province informed
on the details. and progress of the
claim, and another, to provide data
of a more technical nature to
people working directly on
research in the local areas.
A TRAINING SCHOOL
The first service has already
begun, with the production of a
three-ring binder titled...
“Aboriginal Claims,” containing
Paull, Charlie
the first installment of claims
information. This was sent out to
B.C. Bands prior to the conference.
The special lands claim issue of
Nesika was also part of this ser-
vice.
The. second function of the
centre, stated in the paper, was as
a training school for any people
interested in doing research at the
centre or in their own districts.
Special field workers would also be
hired and trained at the centre, it
said.
In this respect, it said, it was
hoped that bands would set up their
own land claims committees to
work with the field workers. .
Another function stated was the
overall coordination of research
throughout the province in order to
eliminate needless duplication of
work and to establish priorities.
Lastly, the main function: to
provide a base for research and the
compilation of research materials.
RESEARCH FIELD WORKERS
Paul told the conference
delegates that the research centre
was presently in the process of
hiring research field- workers. He
explained there were now two
researchers already working at the
centre, and soon they hoped to
bring the total number to nine.
There was discussion on the floor
at this time as to the need for more
field workers. Delegates felt that
there should be at least one for
each of the 15 districts.
Paul explained, however, the
number was arrived at for two
reasons: one that the present
budget would only allow for that
number and, two, it was felt that to
have any more would take the
initiative away from the local
communities to do their own
research. ,
Paul also told the delegates that
at present researching mainly into
question of the Treaty 8 area of the
province. Although it only affects a
small number of B.C., it has to
have priority, he said, because it is
Chapman, Philip Joe, Simon Baker
[attending on behalf of Squamish Chief Joe Mathias],
research
Be. iti ti : :
inconsistant with the rest of the
province which is mainly non-
treaty
AVOIDING CONFUSION
If it was not cleared up now, it
could cause legal confusion when
dealing with overall general claim.
A similar situation, he said, lay in
the “land cut-off, areas.”
The research play paper was
accepted by resolution by the
conference.
Other discussion .on the floor
revolved around what direction the,
delegates should give the chiefs
council in pursuit of settlement of
the claim. A proposal by Executive
Committee member Heber
Maitland suggested that a board of
and Chief Tommy Williams. Behind is Jack Musselt
keeping a wary eye at Nesika camerman from the
East Fraser District bench.
{Staff Photo].
five be. formed to begin
preliminary negotiations with the
government. The majority of the
delegates, however, seemed to fee
this was premature. :
One resolution giving definite
direction was passed by the
assembly asking that the chief’s
council pursue ‘‘by any means” the
involvment of the provincial
government in the lands claim
negotiations.
FLASH!
At the recent elections of the
Kwawkewlth district council
Bobby Joseph was chosen as the
representative the the Chiefs
Council. Law graduate Bill Willson
was chosen alternative.
STRESSING his point with both
‘Ehattesaht Band of the West Coast District.
hands is
Chief Moses Smith of the
ome" [Staff Phove]
November- December, 1973
NES IK A
Page Thirteen
DIANA RECALMA OF Qualicum Beach questions
‘the UBCIC executive on 18 points of recom-
mendations made to Chiefs Council regarding the
Kwawkewlth
District Council
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
ADVISOR
SALARY UP TO $14,000
Duties: Assists Band councils, man-
agers, and staff in accounting, local
government procedures, and Band |
initiated local government programs
‘and activities. 2
Qualifications: . Experience in
Band administration,
social work or community develop-
ent. Knowledge of the Indian Act
a Peaactons, § and ability to work
with Indian peo
Applications 4 and information:
District Man
Kwawkewith District Council
c/o Box 9
Campbel Rivers B B.c.
COOK
FOR STUDENT RESIDENCE
Duties::Under supervision of the
chief cook and, with aid of recipes
and menus, perform general duty
cooking for the students and staff
at the St. Mary's Student Residence
staff in Mission, B.C.
1. Prepare coffee and tea
2. Prepare soup stock: from
meat bones and meat trims, and
prepare soups from stock and
vegetables.
3. Roast, grill and fry mects as
‘required.
4, Cook vegetables.
- 5. Bake pies, cakes, bread,
cookies and desserts.
6. Prepare and arrange salads.
7. Prepare and pack lunches for
special events or school.
8. Slice meats, cut cakes and
pies.
9, Performs other related duties
such as assuming responsibility
for the kitchen in the absence
of the chief cook, and assists
_ in serving meals.
QUALIFICATIONS:
1. Some formal .training in a
cooking school and sufficient
working experience in cooking
practices from institutions, camps,
or large restaurants.
2, Some knowledge of the native
Indian heritage.
Salary: $3.57 per hour, including
enefits.
Applications
Mr. Joe Aleck
Administrator
St. Mary's Student Residence
P.O. Box 1148
Mission, B.C.
Union and its operations, stexxouriel, and policy. Later
Diana, who at one point objected to the manner of
dealing with extraordinary resolutions, was. prevailed
New nurse finished HS at 37
By JOHN CASHORE /
VANCOUVER — In spite of
tragedy and difficulty in her family
Mary Millie Edgar of Bella Coola
went to school and finished,
graduating as a registered nurse
from the B.C. Institute of
Technology in August.
For Mary that was a new
beginning as she considered her
immediate future as a nurse at the
United Church Hospital in Queen
Charlotte City. -
She said she has had a nursing
career in the back of her mind for a
long, long time, and now she is:
committed to work among. her
Indian brothers and sisters star-
ting in the Queen Charlotte Islands.
Mary feels that it is very im-
portant for Indian people to work in
positions where patients and
clients are Indian.
“So often, people from another
race just don’t understand the
needs, hopes, and dreams of Indian
people, and this is so important if
understanding is important if
Indian people are to be helped,”
Mary explained.
When her husband was killed ina
fire at Bella Coola in 1969, Mary
managed to take a positive look at
the future and decided to try to get
into nursing studies. At that time
she had only completed grade 10,
and also had four children to take
care of.
She took her children with her in
BURNS.LAKE — A grant of
$8,000 under the Work Opportunity
Program has been received. by the
Lake Babine Band Council.
The grant is to help provide work
' for people on social assistance,
said Band Manager Margaret
Patrick.
Mary Millie Edgar
1970 to Naramata where she stayed
at the United Church Training
Centre and. attended the Penticton
High §chool.
Two daughters and a son, Gina,
Doris, and Allan, went to school
with their mother, while the eldest
daughter, Faye, went to school in
Vancouver.
In.1971 —‘atage 37, after 20 years
out of school — Mary had achieved
the amazing feat of completing
three years of high school.
Graduation day. saw Mary and
daughters Faye and Gina complete
high school. Mary then brought her
family to Vancouver and enrolled
at BCIT.
Today, the family has reasons to
celebrate. While the indefatigable
mother now serves her people as a
registered nurse, two of her
daughters are working at the
Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs.
The youngest daughter, Doris, is
now in grade 12, and son Allan i is in
grade 11.
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upon to accept membership i in resolutions cnemnttae
-struck up, along with the constitution and credentials
committees as the conference came toa close.
[Staff .
Back to school with a new twist
MISSION — Mission School
District #75 is. planning to offer
classes in adult basic education to
begin in January, 1974, with a
difference.
The director of continuing
education for the school district,
Frank Dolman, said that’ each
student will be on his or her own
individual program of studies.
Dolman explained that the
students will set their programs
themselves. based on how much
education: a student has to. start;
and on what the student sets out as
‘his educational or vocational
program.
“In addition a student can start
school when it is most suitable to
him, provided there is space, and
leave school whenever his goal has
been reached,” Dolman explained.
Another convenience, so - that
students can attend daily without
having to leave home, is holding
classes in or near Mission.
Program planning is under the
Mission district division of con-
tinuing education, representatives
of Indian groups, Canada. Man-
power, the department of human
resources, and local educators.
The native people in the area
working with the program are Joe
Aleck, administrator of St. Mary’s
Student Residence; Lou Mowry,
Mission community services,
Keith Gladstone, administrator,
Head of the Lake Area Council;
Vivian Ferguson, high school
coordinator Agassiz; and Kathy
Malloway; high school coordinator
at Chilliwack.
Native Indian persons who want
more information about the high
school compietion program should
contact anyone of the above-named
persons.
Communications written
English, speaking and listening
skills — and arithmetic — whole
numbers to algebra — and science
— first aid, nutrition, ecology, etc.
— will be on the program. English
and arithmetic will be studied
individually; science and oral
communications will be studied by
small or large groups.
The course of study is very
similar to the present BTSD
program but extended a little bit
more to prepare students to write
GED grade 12.
Most students, however, will
probably need sponsorship by an
organization or agency because of
great cost to a person who has to
attend school a longer time.
The human resources depart-
ment and Canada Manpower have
shown willingness to sponsor.
deserving students.
Dolman said that everyone hopes
that band and area councils and
Indian organizations will consider
making it possible for their
members to --continue their
education.
More information can be ob-
tained by contacting Frank
Dolman, Director of Continuing
Education, 33046 4th Avenue,
Mission, B.C.
LITTLE GIRL has a comfortable seat at Langara College Indian Days
festivities last November. Indian groups again set up a Christmas party
in early December joined by most UBCIC staff.
[Staff Phote]
UBCIC ASSISTANT . Administrator Lou Demerais
addresses 1973 conference of Native Brotherhood of
inviting suggestions and ideas from the:
ne nernnod regarding land claims ans settlement..
B.C.
“NE OS T° KOA
Demerais made the invitation on behalf of the Chiefs
Council. Foreground, Godfrey Kelly, conference vice-
chairman, and, at right, Johnny Clifton. Clifton was
relected president by acclamation.
[Staff Photo],
Union hires ten new staff members
VANCOUVER — The Union of
B.C. Indian Chiefs has recently
taken in ten new staff members:
Myrtle Point, Bob Gisselbeck,
Maryion Bent, Karen Jumbo, Gail
Point, Gina Edgar, Mary: Jacobs,
: Ardyth Cooper, Francis Smith, and
Gerard Peters.
Myrtle is executive geondlary to
James Deacey; Bob is the Union’s
financial controller and acting
office manager; Maryion is a
bookkeeper; Karen, who was
helped by Maryion in the setting up
of our filing ‘system, is now the
Union’s file clerk; Gail, who joined
our typist pool last month and is
“one of the many,” as she merrily
puts it; Gina and Mary handle all
the printing and distribution of
Union papers going out to all
chiefs; Ardyth does research for
Alec Lee, UBCIC’s research
coordinator; Francis is also a
research worker; Gerard is with
Nesika.
Myrtle has taken a ten-month
secretarial course at Vancouver
Vocational Institute and is a
member of the newly-formed
. Musqueam finance committee.
Bob studied at the University of
Alberta faculty of commerce, then
went on to the Chartered Ac-
countants ~ Institute of Alberta.
Before becoming UBCIC financial
controller he was chief accountant
for Grouse Mt. Resorts: Ltd: «in
North Vancouver:
* Maryion ‘attended: Vancouver’ ¢
Vocational Institute studying
general bookkeeping. After she
finished she worked as a ledger
keeper for two and one half years
at the Bank of Nova Scotia. But
before she joined the Union staff
she had been working as a part-
time nurse’s aide.
Karen attended Kumsheen:
Secondary School in Lytton, then
came to Vancouver to take training
as‘a family aide. Just after she
completed her study, she soineg the
Union staff.
Gail worked for City Social
Services where she was trained as
a welfare aide, then took this job
-with the Musqueam Band last
year. Her husband, Robert, is a
councillor at Musqueam.
Gina has graduated from grade
12 from Bella Coola High School.
She also took a course on human
development in Naramata, B.C.
Mary has graduated from Sir
Tupper High School here in Van-
couver. Just before her job with the
Union, she had aoe at Kirk’s
Mailing, Servi
She also ‘worked as summer
student tour guide and researcher
for the.B.C. Provincial Museum.
She was then appointed as one of
the Indian representatives. on the
Archaeological Sites Advisory
Board last March. The board is
responsible for screening all
permits for archaeological digging
in the province.
Francis attended the Vancouver
Vocational College studying his
second year in arts and sciences
before joining the UBCIC staff.
Gerard also attended Vancouver
City College studying his second
year in arts and sciences before
becoming a Union staff member.
He has also studied business ad-
ministration, and then went on to
clerical administration in which he
now holds a certificate. — L.
Folster :
NOOTKA DANCERS ENTERTAIN AT CHIEFS ASSEMBLY
By ROGER ADOLPH
Director, BCNASRF
Our efforts to organize province-
wide sports competitions for In-'
dian people have materialized with
some success with the organization
of. some zone-play-offs, for hockey
and basketball, and of the winter
games.
BASKETBALL
Vancouver Island
_ Sr. men’s, March 1-3, 1974, Pt.
Alberni
Jr. men’s,'jr. girls, March 9-10,
Pt. Alberni
Sr. women’s, February 16-17,
Nanaimo
North Coast
All Native Basketball Tour-
nament, Prince Rupert, February
26 to March 2, 1974 Sr. men’s and
jr. men’s
Kamloops
Sr. men’s, sr.
February 21-23, 1974
women’s,
HOCKEY
The southern interior zone will
undertake sr. men’s: games in
Merritt, February 8-9, 1974.
To be established are play-off
dates for the lower. mainland,
southern. interior zones for men
and women’s basketball, and dates
for the northern interior zone
hockey games. The dates will be
probably set before Christmas.
Perhaps, interested persons
would like to get in touch with zone
coordinators for. information:
Bill Wesley, North Coast
Box 416
Prince Rupert
Simon Moses, North Int.
c/o Doh-Day-De-Claa Indian
of rendship: Centre».
"4990 Renwick Crescent *
Prince George. -
(or, c/o Cariboo Indian Friendship
Centre
Box 798
Williams Lake)
Charles Wilson, 59
BELLA BELLA — Attended by
many friends from Kitimat, Bella
Coola, Klemtu, Hartley Bay,
Namu, Prince Rupert, and Van-
couver, funeral services were held
for Charlie Leslie Wilson on Oc-
tober 1, 1973.
Wilson, age 59, died of a heart
attack on September 24, at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Willie
in Vancouver. He had gone to
Vancouver towing a barge for B.C.
Packers Ltd. from Namu.
A long time member of. the
Pentacostal Church, Wilson was on
the board of deacons at the time of.
his death.
He had been employed as a
tenderman for about 20 years by
B.C. Packers.
Wilson is survived by his wife,
Annie, and nine children, Mrs.
. Phyllis McKay, Donald, Mrs.
Verna Carpenter, Richard, Ron-
nie, Jerry, Michael, Mrs. Marie
Tite, and Kenneth. -
He is also survived by his
brothers Percy, Richard, George,
and John, and. by sisters Mrs.
Emily Amos, Mrs. Amy Wilson,
and Maggie Innis, and by 17
grandchildren.
Wilson was born in Kitimat, on
August 17, 1914, where he spent his
childhood and early teens, He
moved to Bella Bella in 1938. He
was well known for his kind con-
cern for others; his home was
always open to those in need.
The service in Bella Bella was
conducted by Pastor B. Personeus,
Peter Mitchell, Harry Hunt of the
Pentacostal Church, and by Dr.
R.B. Henderson for the United
Church.
Also on hand were the Ocean
Falls Marine Detachment RCMP
in red serge. Michael Wilson, a son
of the deceased, is the local village
constable.
commodations
: Neveinba Jecember, - 1973
SPORTS/RECREATION -
Winter games, zones set
Philip Hall, Lower Main.
#3 - 24 Williams St. N.
Chilliwack
Felix Moses, South Int.
Box 188
Merritt
Art Helin, Van. Is.
(temporary)
1170 Nelson St.
Nanaimo
WINTER GAMES
Three sports — basketball,
hockey, and boxing — will
inaugurate the first native winter
games to’ be held on March 21-31,
1974, at the Civic Centre, Prince
Rupert. .
About 600 athletes are par-
ticipating including men and
women in basketball.
Hockey will include men’s open
from 15 years, and boxing. will
include open and novice (jr. and
sr.).
An opening day parade is in-the
plan to include Indian marching
bands, dance groups, the athletes,
celebrities and outstanding Indians
in their fields, and provincial and
federal officials.
There will be displays of Indian
arts. and crafts, and serving of
Indian food.
All. facilities and ac-
have — been
arranged, and we are now looking
into travel arrangements to and
from the games for the. athletes.
For more information, contact
winter games coordinator John
Lambie, 1139 Prince gi Bids,
Prince Rupert.
* *
The winter’ games -provide a
chance — as the summer games,
too, will — to have our most out-
standing athletes take part and-
» develop . their: skills’. to: national —
calibre.
Already, some Teidtan groups
want to take part in the Canada
Games on the level of the provinces
and the territories. &
* ke
A provincial. meeting will be
ealled in January, 1974, to decide
final rules-and regulations, and
policy regarding the winter games.
All zone committees are urged to
send in ideas regarding the winter
games, and the zone piay-ots,
before mid-January.
We will also be announcing in the
near future when we will hold a
provincial meeting regarding
summer games.
* * x
Above ail, I take pleasure, on
behalf of federation staff and of
zone coordinators, to greet you all
MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A
HAPPY NEW. YEAR.
Children invited
to swimming clubs
VANCOUVER — The B.C.
Native Amateur Sports and
Recreation Federation has an-
nounced an invitation extended for
Indian children to join winter
swimming clubs.
There are no fees, and the only
requirement is for the children to
know how to swim “in any
fashion.” Nor is there an age limit.
The federation will assist those
interested in information or aid in
making arrangements with the
swimming clubs.
To date, the following clubs have
extended invitation to join them to
the children through the
federation:
Hyjack Swim Club, Canada
Games Pool, New Westminster.
Canadian Dolphin Swim Club,
Vancouver.
Victoria Olympic Club, West
Saanich Rd., Victoria.
Crystal Pool Swim Club, Beach
Ave., Vancouver, Tel. 988-8267.
Catholic Youth Activities Pool,
650 Richmond St., Vancouver, Tel.
926-3100.
November-December,’ 1973
N ES !' K A
Page Seventeen
Head of the Lake Bands seek improved housing
By GERARD PETERS
MISSION CITY — The Head of
the Lake Area Council represents
some 435 band members of the
Port Douglas, Skookumchuck, and
Samahquam reserves. These
reserves are unique in that they
have no permanent residents to -
speak of. Band- members are
scattered throughout the province,
and in the northwestern United
‘States. Some have been informally
adopted into other bands, and the
‘remainder have moved into the
urban areas with the greatest
concentration in Mission City and
surrounding districts.
The reason for this mass
migration from their home
reserves may be explained in one
word — isolation. These reserves,
situated between the northern end
’ of Harrison Lake and the southern
end of Lillooet Lake have only in
recent years been easily ac-
cessible, although even today
winter travel is impossible except
by -aircraft to Samahquam and
Skookumchuck, and by beat and
aircraft to Port Douglas.
A logging road along the
Harrison lakeshore is currently
under construction and is passable
with jeeps and trucks. In recent
years a. B.C. Hydro powerline
access road following the nor-
theastern shore of the Lillooet
Lake has been improved by
- logging concerns and is open to
- ordinary traffic.
Lofty mountains with snow-
peaked tops and rushing streams
provide a backdrop for a. lush.
green terrain. It is truly an out-
doorsman’s paradise, although the
serenity is frequently. broken by
the sounds of once-foreign visitors.
TOURISTS’ GARBAGE
With the easy accessibility,
Aourists abound in ever increasing -
-Canfor to help
Indian workers
SPRING CREEK — Indian
employees from Port Douglas,
Skookumchuck, and Samahquam’
of Canadian Forest Products
reside in cabins at Tipella, just
_ outside the Port Douglas reserve,
‘which have deteriorated to a
decrepit condition.
These cabins were not new when
they were moved to the site by
Canfor 15- years ago for the use. of
families of their Indian employees.
Because these cabins are off-
_reserve (although they were
originally thought to be within the
Port Douglas reserve), funds from
Indian affairs for renovation are
not available.’
Canfor has agreed, however, to
transport an additional five cabins
to the original eight, and all will be
set up on a site within Port
Douglas. Also, the company is
willing to. extend aid with their
equipment and_ engineering
capability to prepare the site for
the proposed comniunity. But this
has to wait for the winter shut-
down of the logging camp, when
men and equipment will be freed
for the project.
. The Head of the Lake. Area
Council, under administrator Keith
Gladstone, hopes to obtain funds
from the Winter Works
Programme so that band members
will be employed too in the site
preparation.
The plan is to create larger
dwellings by joining small cabins,
and make a community centre by
joining two of the larger struc-
‘tures. The new. community will
also house residents not employed
by Canfor. In, addition it is hoped
that funds will be available for the
purchase of ten mobile units.
Gladstone said that construction of
DIA houses at the site is not
feasible because of the added cost
of building in an isolated area.
G. PETERS
ASTILL intact barn on the Samahquam reserve. The
structure is one of log buildings, homes of former
residents of Head of the Lake reserves. Many were
built about 40 years ago and have suffered ae natural
numbers leaving’ garbage and
other signs of their presence.
Slashing threads of powerline and
patching quiltwork left by logging
operations are evidence of
“progress.” And, although. deer,
bear and other game are. still
numerous, their numbers are
fewer than what was evident a few
short years ago.
Enroute to ‘the Cariboo ‘Gold
Rush. in the 1860's, miners
travelled in droves through this -
area until an alternate. and more:
expeditious route was built through.
‘the Fraser: Canyon:. Brief: though: .
“this touch. with the “‘outside’’ was,
it left lasting marks. A new. life
_emergéd vastly altered. by this.
brief. encounter with the outside
world and up until the post-war
years a new prosperity evolved, a
mixed marriage between the old
and the new.
Communities. thrived at a par
with the outside world. Family ties
were strong. Men worked the
logging camps in spring and
summer and trapped in winter. In
the war-years cougar pelts were
bringing’ twenty-five dollars and
the common red ‘squirrel a dollar
apiece.
It was truly a. boon in: those less .
inflationary. times... Farms and
immediately use they preserved
for’ winter months. They. erected
comfortable log frame houses
which, although decaying from
~people | of
orchards flourished:-People hunted:
“and fished. What ‘they could. not
elements as well as from vandals, Even modern but .
unoccupied homes
destructiveness with few exceptions, as the ten-year-
old vacant teacherese in Skookumchuck.
have not escaped human
lack of use and care, remain mute
testimony to what once was.
“CIVILIZATION”
Protected by a cocoon of relative
isolation, the communities thrived
in this Shangri-la~ state “without:
telephones, without electricity,
without indoor plumbing, without
running water, without ‘medical .
facilities and without educational
opportunities. And while the
‘outside world was - rapidly . ad-.
justing to the Atomic, Age the
Port .. Douglas,
Samahquam, and. Skookumchuck
had been ‘content with their lot in
the horse and buggy era. But times
change, and to give their children
the opportunities available on the
outside, they gradually shifted
away and stepped head on into
“civilization’’,
BUREAUCRATIC LIMBO
The irony is that while. these
people had moved into areas where
the advantages supposedly lay,
more often than not they found
themselves shunned by the
Department of Indian Affairs, and
denied ‘opportunity which they
might otherwise have had on the
reserve. Provincial and municipal
governments in turn’ cried,
“Foul!”? and passed the buck back
to Indian Affairs.
. And. although. they were
equipped to cope with making a
livelihood back home the Head of
the Lake Area band members were
for the most part lacking in skills to
cope with the outside.
In the 1972-73 school year Indian
Affairs refused tuition monies to
the Mission School District for
some students from the Head of the
“Lake area who resided in the St.
Mary’s Student’s Residence and
who attended school each day in
public schools in the area. Their
argument was that since the
parents of these children resided in
rented dwellings within the school
district. (which were subject to
taxation) their education should be
the sole responsibility of the
provincial government.
“Not so,”’ said the Province. The
result was that the School District
had to operate on a reduced budget
until: Indian Affairs eventually -
came through.
OFF-RESERVE POLICY
The -alleviation -of the most
serious problem, that of providing
adequate housing to band mem-
bers, is also stymied by Indian
Affairs’ policies regarding the. Off
Reserve Housing scheme. Most
band’ members. agree . that they
would be willing to return to:their
reserves IF there was. suitable
employment, IF there were proper
schools, IF there was adequate
Continued on page 20
See: CITY
BARRIER AT the entrance to Samahquam reserve. ‘
o Trespassing”’
sign has been shot at, as have headstones in cemetery in the background.
Part of the cemetery was removed from an older cemetery which was
crumbling into the Lillooet river. Some remains were lost downriver -
despite volunteer workers’ efforts last summer.
[Staff Photo] -
OTTAWA — The National Indian
Brotherhood is urging Indian
. people to apply for the position of”
head of native cultural/education
centres.
In a memorandum to Indian
organizations the assistant
executive director of NIB, Clive
Linklater, noted:
“This is an important and
challenging position for Indian
persons interested in helping to
develop new and _ creative
educational and cultural programs
for Indian people. These programs
are to be developed by and with
Indian people.”
An application. form is not
necessary, said Linklater, but the
Tourism marks
With improved roads in the Head
of the Lake area tourists abound in
ever increasing number, leaving
unmistakeable signs of their
presence. Garbage is strewn
around dead campfires. Logs from.
old homes and fruit trees are cut up
for firewood. Doorknobs, chim-
neys, windows, fenceposts, stoves,
and ‘‘No Trespassing” signs are
used for target practice.
On the Samahquam reserve
bullet holes riddle headstones in
the small cemetery. Nothing is
sacred. Several years ago, the old
Skookumchuck church, built by
Indians entirely by hand a century
ago, was the target of thieves who
took hand-hewn pews.
Though homes -are now
padlocked, they are frequently
broken into. Old shovels, picks,
gold pans, fishing nets, and dried
- salmon have been stolen.
G. PETERS
Urge Indians to apply for post
letter of application should include
a resume of qualifications and
experience.
Applications should be sent to:
Program Personnel Adviser
Indian and Eskimo Affairs
Program
Department of Indian and
Northern Affairs
Room 500, Centennial Tower
400 Laurier Ave.
OTTAWA KiA 0H4
The position offers an annual
salary of $17,482 to $19,865; the
successful applicant will direct a
secretariat on native
cultural/education centres.
Also, the head of the native
cultural/education centres will act
as liaison among federal and
provincial organizations and
native groups with regard to the
centres, and he will evaluate the
program.
The program was established to
promote and encourage personal
‘development among Indian people
through the study of their history,
culture, language, and values.
The cultural/educational centres
are now under various Indian
groups and funded by the govern-
ment. To administer the funds a
secretariat has been | set. up in
Indian affairs.
A basic requirement for ap-
plicants is university education
with courses in administration and
social science; or experience at a
responsible level in the field of
administration.
If no fully qualified applicant is
found, the most suitable may be
offered employment at a lower
level. If this is the case, the ap-
pointee may be advanced on the
basis of ability demonstrated and
on standard qualifications for the
position being met.
Page Eighteen
NES 1 K-A
November-December, 1973
Dancer urges better support of BC Indian Princess
12128 Garden St.,
Maple Ridge, B.C.,
“Sept. 19, 1973
Dear Editor:
Tam quite concerned about how
our Canadian Indian Princess is
apparently neglected soon after
her election.
I find this situation disturbing ‘
since I came to compare it with
that of the American Indian
Princess, when I attended the
Indian Rodeo and Pow-wow in San
Francisco.
This is a huge event, and very
professional; certainly not at all
like our. own Northwest In-
ternational Pow-wow, successful
and popular as this is. At that great
event in San Francisco the
American Indian Princess is very
much included in all the activities;
her name is heard every minute.
The American Princess also is
given lots of publicity with
television appearances.
In contrast, our princess, Clara
Anderson, seems to have com-
pletely disappeared from our
consciousness right after she won
her title. If there is any activity she
must attend or is invited to, she
practically fends for herself.
The Vancouver War Dance Club,
poor as we are, is glad to have paid
our little share getting Clara to San
Francisco, The Canadian Indian
Princess’ needs on.occasions like
these’ are innumerable and
demanding, and I am glad to have
had the chance to assist her per-
sonally. /
It seems to me _ that the
organizations responsible for the
selection of Indian princess should
be more farsighted and extend
their activities further than
holding a. contest.
IT think it would be worthwhile
approaching all the Indian
organizations for contributions
toward her expenses to enable her
to make appearances at all im-
portant functions, both at Indian
and non-Indian events.
For instance, sponsorship to the
Miss PNE pageant would have
provided invaluable publicity for
all the good works being done by
Indian organizations, and also
encourage participation by more
young Indian girls.
To me a great opportunity in
. public relations, so lacking in all
our organizations, is being wasted.
It seems to me that we only ap-
proach the media to air our
problems. Our Indian princess is
one of the best means of promoting
goodwill to others and for us.
She tries very hard, indeed, to
perform this function that we’ve
burdened her with, but we should
help her do it for us. Sincerely,
Ernie Philip
November-December, 1973
NESIKA
Page Nineteen
SEASON’S BEST WISHES TO ALL FROM THE UNION STAFF, VICTORIA
RESEARCH CENTRE staff of Union of B.C. Indian
Chiefs in front of on that’s taking second looks from
right: Marilyn Charlie, recep-
passers-by. Left to
tionist;, Dr. ‘Barbara’ Lane, research coordinator; ’
Shirley - Alphonse, office manager; Philip Paul,
afirgctors Bob Joseph, communications; and John
Joe, assistant to research coordinator. Nine field
workers will later expand staff. (Staff Photo]
Land claims research centre staff gets the ball rolling
By G. MecKEVITT
VICTORIA — The ‘staff of the
B.C. Land Claims Research Centre
_here is still expanding, but at this”
‘point the director, Philip Paul has
organized a core of personnel. ‘All
in all the staff has got the ball
rolling toward a most critical task,
the. settlement of a long-standing’
claim of Indian people. based on
aboriginal right.
DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRE
Philip has the overall respon-
sibility of developing and putting
into motion the research
organization.
’ Itis up to him to organize and put
together the final ‘“‘plan of attack”
to be followed, as directed by the
Chiefs Council.
Beside this, a large number of
duties must be carried on day to
day, including: hiring and advising
research personnel; frequent
conferences with districts and
bands; work involving legal and
social issues; everyday decisions
regarding the running of the
centre; preparation of information
for Indian people of the province.
Part of the work Philip | has done
has been. coordinating the
establishment of the centre, and
‘developing the research plan-
approved by resolution at. the
UBCIC conference last. November.
“Before his present position,
Philip was the director of Native
Studies at Camosun College.
He has had a long history of
involvement in Indian matters in
B.C. and Canada. Some of the
positions he had held are: chair-
man, Saanich Indian Recreation.
Commission; president, Southern
Island Vancouver Tribal
Federation; president, .Con-
federation of the Native Indians of
C.; member, National Indian
Brotherhood executive; member
and chief for six years of 12,
Tsartlip Band Council.
He stepped down from the
UBCIC executive committee when
the Chiefs Council appointed him
land claims research director.
Recently he was reelected as
representative of the South Island
district council, and this position
automatically makes Philip a
member of the Chiefs Council of
SEASON’S GREETINGS
TO ALL INDIAN PEOPLE
OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
FROMTHE LYTTON BAND
‘ Lytton, B.C.
Chief Byron Spinks
Councillors: Mandy Brown, Reynold Blachford,
Florence McKay, Ray James. Eddie Charlie, Ruby Dunstan
Lena Dunstan, Judy Hanna, Julia Raphael
Season’s Greetings
TO ALL INDIAN PEOPLE
OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
FROM THE
KYUQUOT BAND
Kyuquot, B.C.
Chief Kelly John
Councillors: Tony Hanson, Joe Johnny,
Agnes Oscar, Moses Cox
the Union.
-Philip lives in Brentwood Bay
with his family.
“RESEARCH COORDINATOR
~ As the’ centre’s research. coor-
dinator, Dr. Barbara’ Lane’s
responsibilities cover a large area.
Part of her work involves her
with the hiring and training of
research _— personnel, with
preparing information materials
for bands and districts, being a
resource person to negotiators,
dealing with contemporary issues
related to aboriginal rights.
The largest aspect of her work,
however, is the overall im-
plementation of research direc-
tives decided upon by the. Chiefs
Council and the research director.
Before joining the centre in
September, 1973, Barbara was
employed. by the Indian
Association of Alberta doing work
on their treaty and aboriginal
rights program. She also did work
for the Makah and Quinault tribes
in Washington on land claim and
fishing rights.
Years before this,.she was often
involved with native rights issues
in both the U.S. and Canada, as
well as teaching several related
courses in university.
Barbara lives in Victoria with
her family.
ASSISTANT TO COORDINATOR
John Joe’s work as assistant to
the research coordinator is
basically concerned with. writing
and compiling research materials.
Since joining the centre last
August John has been, researching
the development of Indian land
policy.
Much of his work on the Fort
Victoria treaties, hunting and
fishing legislation, and court cases
involving Indians was used in the
first installment of the three-ring
binder sent out to bands prior to the
last UBCIC conference.
John also supervised the
production of this and of the
reference binder used at the
conference.
Now he is working on developing
a legal study binder for use in
research. /
John had worked with the John
Howard Society for two years.
Before this he was a student
counsellor for a year at Camosun
College. He had also worked for
five. years with B.C. Forest
Products.
John, who is married and has
three sons, is also taking up
political science. studies at the
University of Victoria. .
COMMUNICATIONS
An important priority, among
others, of the centre is giving in- -
formation to Indian people of the
province on all aspects of its work,
and on various facets of land
claims and aboriginal rights.
Responsible for getting such
information out is communications
director Bob Joseph.
Some of the work Bob has
finished is the special issue of
Nesika in October, and collection
of materials for the three-ring
binder sent out to bands prior to the
UBCIC conference.
Bob is presently working on
preparations for a land claim and
aboriginal rights booklet for the
general public.
Bob, who lives in Campbell River
with his family, was the head of
‘Indian affairs youth
liaison
program for B.C. before joining the
centre.
He has - just been elected to
membership in the Chiefs Council
as the North Coast District Council
representative.
OFFICE MANAGER
Looking after the practical side
of the centre’s activities is Shirley
Alphonse, office manager.
Shirley is in charge of office
supplies, keeping the books, filing
and typing, shorthand work,
running various office machines,
and . supervising receptionist
Marilyn Charlie.
Shirley came to the centre after
assignment at the UBCIC office in»
Vancouver.
For four years before that she
was a secretary and part-time
teacher’s aide at the Christie
Residential School in Tofino, in an
area she enjoyed immensely.
She has also worked as a steno
for the . North Cowichan
Municipality.
She is now taking evening
courses in legal secretarial work.
She lives in Victoria with her child.
photographs.
office.
Accurate typing essential.
Coordinator
Victoria, B.C.
V8X 3G5
LIBRARIAN WANTED —
There is an immediate opening for a person to take complete charge of the
library of the Land Claims Research Centre. Full time position.
Library holdings include books, documents, maps, microfilm, tapes, and
Applicants should have some library training and experience.
Duties will include ordering and cataloging, working with research staff at
the Victoria office, as swell as with field workers operating out of this
In addition, the librarian will process enquiries and requests for research
materials from Indian people throughout the. province.
Salary according to qualifications and experience.
Interested persons should apply immediately to:
Land Claims Research Centre
Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs
890-B McKenzie Avenue
!
Page Twenty
N — S ! K A
November-December, 1 973
Top airman award in 25th NORAD
region won by Cree radar tech
By GERARD PETERS
VANCOUVER Master —Cor-
poral Leonard Cunningham of the . “But we do have a lot of the
Royal Canadian Armed Forceshas Support departments the ad-
left for Colorado Springs as part of ministrative side of it — accounts,
his winning the award of out- police ... they’re all in support of
standing airman for the 25th the radar mission, and they’re just ;
NORAD region. , as important to our function.
The trip involves a tour of They’re all eligible for the award;
Cheyenne Mountain, the number last year a supply officer won the
one Direction Centre for all of officer portion of the award. So
North America, and a tour of the we've had two winners for two
Direction Centre for the 25th years from our station,” Cun-
NORAD region in Seattle. (Radar ningham noted.
information is gathered at the _ Asked why he joined the RCAF,
Centres from radar sites in Canada Cunningham replied that when he
and the U.S., and fed into com- completed his high school, he
puters.) - thought that he’d like to learn a
Cunningham received the award trade in the Forces. _
‘out of. a possible selection from ‘‘Originally, I had not intended to
3,000 candidates, mostly stay in,” he explained, “but I found
Americans. that it was very much to my liking
Cunningham, interviewed during — the way.you’re treated on your
a stop-over at Vancouver In- merit alone. Sol decided to make a
ternational Airport, explained that career of it.” oo
the award is based on recom- What was the most difficult
mendations of the candidates’ aspect of military life? And the
Baldy Hughes of whom there are 40
radar technicians.
superiors, and based on con- best? : ; .
tributions through a specific line of Leaving your. old. friends is
duty to the NORAD mission. possibly the most difficult.
“Our maintenance capability at Probably meeting new ones is the
Baldy Hughes was number one in best. You have to have a little of
the entire North America for the both,” Cunningham replied.
past two years, and this may have Baldy Hughes’ award-winner
had a lot to do with it,” Cun- ‘this year also likes the sports
ningham said. activities in the service: ‘They
Modest but self-assured, the 30- have a very good sports program.
year-old corporal, a Cree Indian, You can get involved with national
looked fit in his new tri-service calibre curling, baseball, or any
olive green uniform. sports you want to play. If your
He joined the RCAF in July, 1962, team is good enough, or if you are
and had been trained as a radar jndividually good enough, you can
technician. He, his wife Lorraine, get right into the national- com-
and their four children reside at petitions which the Armed Forces
the RCAF station of Baldy Hughes, have. In the past year I’ve been to
28 miles from Prince George. two national competitions, one in
The 25th NORAD region includes curling and one in baseball.”’
16 stations in Canada and the U:S.
ws He noted that he had come
The Baldy Hughes station is one of across no more than ten Indian
five sites in Canada. people in the service.
As a radar technician, Cun-
ningham maintains radar ‘There’s been a lack of native
equipment (search radar, height- people entering this field. I believe
finding radar), and data there should be more,’ Cun-
processing computers. ningham observed, and said he
Cunningham pointed out that he would recommend that. young
is part of a team of 150 airmen at Indian people join the service.
Native Driving School starts
QUESNEL The Native under the department of Indian
Driving School has announced the . affairs.
names of instructors and staff as According to the school’s
the-school prepares to start con- licensing regulations, driving
ducting classes on reserves in B.C. instructions must be’ given’ on
Gladys Murphy and Leona ‘eserves. Native people living off-
Charleyboy are the instructors; Teserves, however, *can take
Jerry Charleyboy is the audio-. l@Ssons on a reserve.
visual. technician and class
organizer. The anriouncement was
made by Marjorie Dixon, operator’
of the school.
in North America, according to the
organizers. It was started by Mrs.
Agnes Bourque of the Quesnel
- : Tillicum Society.
Driving lessons will be free to Mrs. Bourque, seeing the value
native persons, said Ms. Dixon. in job opportunities for Indian
“But this does not mean that itis people in the establishment of a
not costing to give lessons,’ she native driving school, made
said. “What it does mean is that we arrangements with the Motor
‘are obtaining funds from other: Vehicle Branch and the Royal City
sources.” Driving School, New Westminster,
One source is the adult training for trainees to get a five-week
and Indian education program course.
foreseeable future. so_ it
_ provides most income.
The school is the first of its kind. -
Continued from page 17
medical facilities, IF there was
proper housing, and IF they could
get in and out conveniently in the
winter months.
It is inconceivable that all of
these IF’s could be satisfied in the
is
necessary to provide adequate
housing in the area where the
people now reside — the Mission
area.
Because the conditions set out by
Indian Affairs relating to income,
credit history and personal cash
contributions cannot always be
met, other methods must be sought
to provide housing. Those families
most desperately requiring im-
proved housing are the low-income
families who don’t qualify under
the Off Reserve Housing Plan and
who now reside in quasi-transient
quarters. such as dilapidated
motels and auto courts. A few
families who can afford to, live in
adequate houses, though rents are
steep. Keith Gladstone, currently
serving as an administrator for the
Area Council owns his home in
Mission, as does Henry Peters,
formerly chief of the Samahquam
band who makes his living falling
timber. But these two are ex-—
ceptions.
FEW EMPLOYED .
Only a very few members. are
permanently employed. Logging
and other seasonal employment
In the
summer and fall months some
families harvest berries and other
crops. on farms throughout. the
Fraser Valley and Washington
‘state.
‘Primarily because of the dif-
ficulties in organizing people who
are not permanently situated or
centrally located, no large scale
attempts have been made to up-
grade and to train the adult
members in skills. which would
lead to employment.
Bob Peters, also an _.ad-
ministrator for the Area Council
notes that the three bands must
clear a hurdle not confronting most
other reserves, that of simple
organization. It is difficult to ad-
minister the affairs of an Area
Council when there is no basis from
which to work. And while an ad-
ministration must look towards its
members for direction, .the
diversity of its membership makes
this a near impossibility for the
Head of the Lake Area Council.
SOLUTION IN MISSION?
Asolution which the area council
has been working toward over
recent years is the creation of an
Indian community within Mission ,
comprised of members of the three
bands as well as other ‘‘up-rooted”’
individuals from outlying reserves
who choose to make their homes in
% Se a
PART OF B.C. map, above, show the Head of the
‘City wants talks on housing proposal
the area. Considering facts and
circumstances, they feel this would
be the ideal situation but there
remains the problem of acquiring
lands on which to build, financing
construction of 30 or more homes,
and providing services such as
sewer and water systems. Another
possibility cited by Gladstone is the
leasing of lands from a band within
reasonable distance from Mission.
The area council will continue to
explore all possibilities and it is
agreed that the ultimate solution
will be found only after much
planning. °
The area council propose to
convert whatever lands they
acquire to reserve status, thereby
assuring DIA continuing benefits.
Indian Affairs policy, however, is
opposed to creating new reserves.
Also, the municipality is opposed to
exempting any land from taxation
resulting in a reduction of revenue
to the city. Further, an agreement
must be reached with CMHC for
financing a low-income housing
scheme.
LAND FROM OMI?
Initial negotiations were begun
in 1970. with the Oblates of Mary
Immaculate, the missionary order
who founded St. Mary’s
Residential School around 1860.
The Order owns some very
valuable property in Mission which
it. hopes to develop. Through OMI
benevolence,. 21.53 acres was of-
fered in March, 1971 for a housing
‘development ... at a cost of $50,000.
The United Church of Canada,
according to the area council, had
also agreed at that time to advance
a grant of $25,000, for the purchase
of the lands offered by the OMI.
Now, however, these lands are
slated for development by the
Oblates: themselves as an
educational complex, according to
Fr. G. Kelly..
' KEITH GLADSTONE
In a letter to Gladstone Fr. Kelly
proposed a meeting in early
November with the area council to
discuss this situation. It is the hope
of the area council to acquire lands
at no cost, or at the very least, at
nominal cost.
_ Contacted in Mission, Alderman
Bill Harris said that a problem in
approving the 21.53-acre site for
the 30-odd ‘homes is. the lack of
sewer and water systems in the
area. He said also that no firm
commitments could be made until
city council could determine
exactly what was proposed by the
area council for the townsite.
TALKS WITH CITY
Harris said that talks are
needed, and city council is
prepared to listen. However, he
also said that with the municipal’
elections in November and a strong
. likelihood that there will be a new
council, there would be a little
waiting period to see with.whom
the head of the Lake Area Council
shall carry on the talks.
For its part, the area council is
working now on a proposal. to be
presented to all parties concerned.
Late in the year a meeting is
planned with Indian. affairs of-
ficials, CMHC representatives,
Mission. City Council, and
representatives from’ OMI. |
el ae -
HUSBAND AND WIFE, Bob and Gloria Peters, plan to buy a home in
Mission. Gloria is the Head of the Lake Area Council secretary, while Bob
is co-administrator with Keith Gladstone.
[Staff Phote]
S
easier access from the coast, inhabitants’ lives were
Lake area that was a while ago enjoying something disrupted and many are dispersed away from their
like Shang-ri-la in its isolation. Coming of age with
reserves here.
[Staff Photo]”-
Part of Nesika: The Voice of B.C. Indians -- Vol. 2 No. 11-12 (November 1973)