Nesika: The Voice of B.C. Indians -- Vol. 3 No. 2 (February 1974)

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February 1974

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QUESNEL — Briefs have been
‘presented by the Nazko-Klusklus

Bands to different government .

. levels, but the decision to give a
final approval for a permit for.
construction of a road .in
preparation for logging operations
in 1975 is pressing.

The Carrier Indians ‘laim .

aboriginal rights to land west of the

Nazko River and are demanding a

five-year moratorium on

development in the area sq that an
extensive study can be made.
“Tm going to take the Indian’s

' position,” said Alex Fraser, MLA
for Cariboo, “‘so that the case is
‘fully considered by the proper
authorities.”’

_ Fraser said that the provincial
and federal governments have to
work together to discuss the
situation.

Len Marchand, parliamentary
secretary to Indian Affairs
Minister Jean. Chretien, -mean-
while, has been reported to have
suggested that the Indians take
licenses to harvest the timber.

“The government does not en-

_ courage moratoriums,”’ Marchand
said.

But the federal government does
recognize legitimate land claims
when such claims have been. for-
mally filed by the Indian’ Band
involved and studied. .

An anthropologist, Michael
Kew who has. been doing an

ea ee eee ee

V. Adolph to Ghana

LILLOOET ~— Victor Adolph,
chairman, executive committee of
the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs,
will attend an international con-
ference of native peoples to be held
in Ghana in April, 1974.

The conference, still being
planned, will include native Indian
delegates. from South .America,.
Central America, New. Zealand,
Australia and its adjoining islands.

Chief Adolph said the invitation
came. from the government of
Ghana. Only one delegate from
each country will be recognized at

the conference, but no limit has ~

‘been set for the number of
delegates to attend and see the
proceedings.

The UBCIC head said that he
expects one delegate from each
_ province and territory in Canada to
attend, and that George Manuel,

president, Native Indian
- Brotherhood, will speak for
Canada.

Chief Adolph, formerly the
administrator of the Lillooet
District Indian Council.

“There will be no funds from the
government for Canadian
delegates; we will have to pay our
own fares,” said Chief Adolph.

The Lillooet district, meanwhile,
said Adolph, who resigned the post

_ of administrator when he became
UBCIC executive committee
. chairman, will screen applicants in
March and a new administrator

_ will be appointed by the first of ».

April.

wee @

ethnographic ‘study of the Nazko

Reserve since 1972, pointed out ina

meeting between Fraser and the
Band Council that land granted as
a reserve was ‘‘only a very, very
small portion of the land. that was
originally Kluskus and Nazko
people’s territory.”

Kew said that originally the
Indians’ territories extended to the

Fraser River and beyond to the -

Barkerville area, which was. also

occupied by people who spoke the . |

Carrier dialect.

During the gold rush, said Kew,
the Indian : population decreased
because of the introduction of
ee .

As» result of. the - rapid.

popiitation decline the Indians did .

not live in the eastern area of the
territory all year but used it for
Arapping. — ’

‘Kew pointed out that the various
commissions — of 1876 and 1913 —

were not empowered -to negotiate

treaties.

“So, no treaties have been made
and the land. question is still at
issue.’

The Cariboo Regional. District .

Board reportedly. sympathizes
with ‘the Indians’ objections: to
logging Gevelopnient, but, that’s
all.

‘Beyond © that it is ‘not our
prerogative to do or not to do
anything,’’ said Regional Director
May Higdon.

The B.C. Forest Service, which
has given approval in principle to
the road building, has expressed:
awareness -of the Indians’ ob-
jections. &

“But it is not something we can
solve. It’s a little bigger than what

the B.C. Forest Service can han- -
‘dle,

”

said Depaly Minister John
Stolks.

The three logging operations
involved — Weiers Sawmill, Tri

Pae Studs, John: Ernst: ‘Lumber a

say they need to work on the access

- road this spring to begin logging by

1975, and that a moratorium will
not. solve anything.

They also claim that if logging
doesn’t get started by 1975, there
may be unemployment’ for 500.
people employed by the com-

‘panies, and..these would affect

about 15,000 people indirectly in-
volved with the operations. a
Ina letter of the Bands to Stolks,
October, 1973, the Indians stated

that the reserve lands are not |

‘enough to maintain their people
now and in the future.

~~ ‘Fhe people are dependent upon
the land for livelihood and
security. Increased accessibility
will endanger traplines. specially
in the area west of Nazko to the
Itcha Mountain.

The Nazko and Kluskus Bands
are administred from Nazko. The
Nazko..Band is. headed by Chief
Cathy Patrick. Her husband,
Dennis, is the manager. William
Alec form the three-man Band
Council with Chief Patrick and Mr.
Patrick. The Kluskus Band
‘headed by Chief Peter Morris.

is:

-OSOYOOS CHIEF Jim Stelkia speaks to reporters at

an informal press conference

president Fred House looks on. House said later that

‘status’
while BCANSI.
raw deal,

although he recognized that ‘cut-off lands were a

, By GERARD PETERS.

io OSOYOOS (Staff) — The. total

blockade of Highway 97 Okanagan
Falls on February 12 at. 10 a.m. did
ot materialize as planned. Instead
in the early afternoon, cars and

-trucks were stopped and handed

leaflets explaining the Osoyoos
Band’s position regarding the 71
acres of former reserve lands
which were “cut-off” as a result of
the’. McKenna-McBride. Com-
mission of 1912. _
At one point the demonstrators
handed the leaflet to a fright train
stopped at the tracks that intersect
Highway: 97; and the. engineer’
displayed | his sympathy for their
struggle by tooting his whistle at
them in response to one placard
reading “Tf you agEee _ Toot your
horn.” -
The decision against total
blockade came after a meeting
attended by Osoyoos Band’ Chief
Jim Stelkia, members of the Chiefs
Council) and Fred House of
BCANSI, where, apparently, it was
decided that rather than jeopar-

. dize the position of other B.C.

Bands affected by the cut-off
situation, the Osoyoos Band would
accept the provincial govern-
ment’s offer of legal fees to fight
their case in court.

At a meeting .held later at the
Penticton Band hall, Stelkia, ad-
diressing a packed hall, expressed
his disappointment at having to
cancel -plans. for total. blockade
and, perhaps, a quick settlement to
their claim. But, he pointed out
‘we must consider the rest of the
province.”

YOUNG, EAGER

After the government’s offer of
legal fees, Stelkia pointed out, big
name lawyers had approached him

to handle the band’ s case. The firm -

of Kinsman & Company of Pen-
ticton whose two young lawyers,
Wilson . Rutherford and Wilfred
Klinger, were in attendance at the
Penticton meeting would ‘be
handling the case, Stelkia said.
“YT like them because: ‘they’re

voung and eager.’’ He noted that. .

they
money although they had been
involved for weeks.

Stelkia and about 50 members of
the Osoyoos Band, . along with
members of the -Chiefs Council,

hadn’t yet. received any —

met. with five: cabinet ‘members 3

concerning the band’s claim to the
71 acres in question in February 8
in Victoria. The cabinet would not
comply witha: request by -the

Osoyoos Band to meet at their band —

office in Oliver within 60 days and
from this refusal came the decision
to blockade Highway 97 on the
following Tuesday.

Speaking about the govern-
ment’s offer of legal expenses, Vic
Adolph, chairman of the executive
committee of UBCIC . asked
whether it was necessary to go the
judicial route stressing the time
factor and the expense of. such
action.”

NOT QUALIFIED

‘Attorney General ae Mac-
donald said, ‘I think : ultimately
itll be a parliamentary decision.
But I think first there must be a
judiciary. decision.”

Mannie Squakim pointed out that

“Indians weren’t: qualified when
they signed -those papers.’’.. He
further stated that they (Indians)
didn’t:know the language that they
were dealing with.-

Alex Macdonald agreed that

.‘They didn’t understand the

language or the legal implications.
This is the kind of thing a. judge

problem he was not going to hesitate in
gelling involved if he thought people were getting a

[Nesika photo]

Osoyoos to consider legal route

should look at _— and I think
would.” ~

Stelkia expressed a Jack of

‘confidence in the courts. ‘“We have

never had a fair shake in court —
and you want us. to take it to
court?”

LAND. BASE NEEDED

Vic Adolph pointed: out the dif-
ference in life-styles..of .the
European as compared: -to~-the
Indian. “We are tired of the ex-
ploration and exploitation of lands |
to accommodate: the European
standards: We’re looking for more

lands to accommodate more
“people.’’

Referring to the a tiae ‘Tn-
dian population as compared to the
declining numbers at the time of
the. McKenna-McBride Com-.
mission, he. noted that “‘more
people are looking for a. broader
economic, and thus, land base.”’
- Phillip Paul, director of the Land:
Claims office in Victoria, noted
that the terms of reference of the
Roval Commission were explicit.
“The government ‘and. represen-
tatives on this Commission were to -
hear evidence from Indian people
and involve Indian people in the
final decision in terms of whether
reserves were going to be added to:
or deleted from.”

He said that the Commission
quite arbitrarily, against the terms
of reference of the Commission,
deleted some 37,000 acres from
reserves. in the province.

After the decision to accept. the
government’s: offer of legal ex-
penses was made, Chief Stelkia
said: ‘‘We’ll see how just the legal
system is.”’

He. said further that if the

‘Osoyoos Band were not. satisfied '

further action would be imminent.

| NESIKA |

Published monthly. by the
Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs

2140 12th Avenue W., Vancouver, B.C. V6K 2N2
Telephone — 736-6751

Nesika is for the use and pleasure of all native
people in British Columbia. While the Union
encourages all contributions, we reserve the
-right to edit. all contributions. Contributions,
including letters to the editor, must bear the
signature and name of the writer. Views ex-
‘ pressed in contributions are not necessarily:
those. of the Union. ~

Contributions must be typewritten, or hand-
written legibly, in double space.

FREE TO ALL REGISTERED B.C,
NATIVE INDIANS

OTHERS $5.00 PER YEAR

STAFF: PERLAS SABINO -- Acting Editor

. McKEVITT, GERARD PETERS — Reporters
LEONA FOLSTER — Art & Circulation
TERRI WILLIAMS — Research & Library

Correspondents: Margaret Woods, Terrace;
Edgar Charlie, Ahousat; Phyllis Hanna, Port
Alberni; N. C. Derriksan, Westbank.

‘EDITORIAL
Indian affairs incompetent

During the month of February two fires occurred on the Kitwancool
Indian reserve near Hazelton. In the span of three weeks, Mr. and Mrs.
‘Morris Derrick and their five children were left homeless, and two.other

families had each lost two infants when fire destroyed a mobile home.

Although the department of Indian affairs had purchased and in-
stalled some fire-fighting equipment for the band, in typical bureaucratic
bungling fashion somebody forgot that.a water ‘system « complete with
hydrants isn’t worth the paper it is ordered on (no doubt in arapliente)
without such a simple thing as.a fire hose.

‘While we deeply sympathize with the two bereaved families. we can. _

only wonder and speculate on the possibilities of such tragedies repeating
themselves on.other reserves in B.C. and the rest of Canada — and in
most cases, tragedies for the same reason.

We are told the Kitwancool Band has now been furnished with a fire

hose, and presumably any future house fires can be fought rather than.

just watched.

Great!

However, we wonder just how many more of our communities ill
have to suffer similar fires before their deplorable situations are im-
proved.

In the latest example of how the department of Indian affairs

(regionally, anyhow) is the federal government’s walking model of the’

Peter Principle*, apparently it is not enough that Indian people are made
to live in homes which are, for the most part, firetraps.

Housing on most reserves has long been.a joke within itself, and
seemingly asking for adequate protection for these badly constructed
dwellings is asking for too much.

Besides demanding a complete investigation of the two fires at
‘Kitwancool, and determining exactly who is to blame. for neglecting to
see that a hose was included with the rest of the equipment, we are led to
believe that it is high time an overall assessment of the Babine district
Indian affairs administration took place.

Within the past two years, and more particularly the past few
months, the amount of complaints received by the Union from individuals
and bands within that district cause us to wonder not only about the of-
fice’s competency, but its very existence as well.

Surely by now the regional director has begun to wonder about the
number of times the Union has come forward with such complaints, when
these situations could have, and should. have, been cleared up by district
personne].

Most notable case in point to surface in recent weeks — that is, before
someone forgot to order a fire hose — is the situation surrounding the
eventual removal of a-school teacher at Kitwanga.

Although the teacher, an employee of the department, was fired the
district office was unable to have her removed from the school, which is
located on reserve land and held in trust by the department.

In fact, before that little comic opera had run its course, department
headquarters i in Ottawa had to be called into the picture in. order to speed
up the granting of a court order for the teacher’s removal.

And that, one supposes, even tells us a little bit about the regional
administration.

“Editor’s Note: The Peter Principle basically is the theory that —
people advance only to a certain level of competency — or incompetency,.

as the case might be — and usually advance no further. — LHD

Nesika, Union of B.C: Indian Chiefs
2140 W. 12th Ave., Vancouver 9, B.C. V6K 2N2

I enclose $3.00 to cover my subscription for a year.

——— Money Order —— Personal Check

|
|
I am pleased to contribute to your publication fund. |
|

(Please don’t send cash in the mail.) |

amo “mm seme cereus ee eens

-The

ee a

Guardian, New York
January 23, 1974

Judging from the opening days of
the Wounded Knee case, the U.S.

government is preparing another

Indian massacre.

Despite a judicial change in

venue from Sioux Falls, S.D., to the
allegedly. less racist St. Paul,
‘Minn., two’ unsettling develop-
ments have taken place since. the
jury selection process began
earlier this month:

— All of the first 63 potential
jurors are white. If an all-white or
even largely white jury is finally
selected, it is-very difficult to see
how Dennis Banks and Russell
Means — the two leaders of the
American Indian Movement
(AIM) on trial for their part in last
year’s Wounded Knee insurrection
—- can receive the semblance of a
fair trial.

White. America’s historic ven-
detta against the “redskins’’ who
populated these lands’ before the
genocidal practices which followed
the European migration is still too
strong to expect that Native
Americans will receive ‘‘justice’”’
at their hands.

~- The decision: by Federal
District Court Judge Fred Nicol to
refuse a defense motion: to in-
vestigate FBI interference in the

. trial bodes ill for the character of
‘judicial impartiality the defen-

dants require to make their side of
the story fully known to the jury.
FBI agents visited
newspaper executives ‘recently,
ostensibly -for the purpose of in-

‘forming them that the federal.

police agency would eventually
answer defense charges against

- were efforts to
‘coverage of the trial’ but the judge

local

Ses eee

them for their conduct during the

‘Wounded Knee incident — a deed

that could just as easily have been
accomplished by. sending’ press
statements to the editors involved.
The defense charges the visits
“influence their

refused a simple request that these
visits be investigated to determine
the actual purpose of the meetings.

-— The harassment against the -

Indian militants on the Pine Ridge
reservation and the charges of
murder against the Bureau of
Indian Affairs must be accepted by
the judge as evidence for the
defense. The defendants: charge

the BIA- murdered the Indian ~

activist and key defense witness,
Pedro Bissonette, and that the
Justice Department covered up the
deed.

JURY OF PEERS

If the concept of jury of one’s”

peers has any meaning at all, the

Wounded Knee defendants must be. -

judged by a jury composed in large
measure of oppressed
nationalities.
good intentions of individual white
jurors, an all-white jury would not
constitute the ‘“‘peers” of the
defendants.
Refusal to investigate the FBI’s
pre-trial actions — especially in
view of recent public revelations
about FBI harassment in other
cases — is clearly prejudicial, on
the side of the U.S.. government
which is bringing, these militant

aw =

Regardless of the

aa Si Gea &
Native Americans to trial.

The principal aspect of .the
Wounded Knee trial hinges on the
question of treaty rights, not on the
question of the 71-day takeover of a:
small portion of land by AIM and
others: Washington’s continual
violation of ‘these treaties could —
possibly be brought to justice or at
least thoroughly aired through the
vehicle of . the St. Paul trial.
Whether or not the judge will
permit this to happen is a crucial
issue in the pre-trial struggle:

Great public pressure on behalf
of the Wounded Knee defense must
be immediately brought to the
forefront to insure that both judge
and jury do not push the essential
issue of treaty rights to the
background. Aside from sending
material aid to the Wounded Knee

‘Defense-Offense Committee (333

Sibley St., Room 605, St. Paul,
Minn. 55101), all progressives and
their organizations must. un-
derstand the significance of the St.

‘Paul trial and launch militant

support campaigns throughout the
country.

The American government can
never wipe out the wrong done. the -
Native American. peoples. — but a
decision.in favor of the Wounded
‘Knee defendants and a_ public
airing of the. treaty rights abuses
can. go a long way — toward.
educating the American. people
about the rights of Native
Americans and about the genocidal
policies of a racist and imperialist
government that’ was responsible
_for Wounded Knee I and II.

Morrow decision has wide effect

The Globe and Mail, Toronto .
remmary 5, 1974

“The habit. of white Cahadisiis of
pushing North to do whatever they
please, compensating .the native
peoples only for displaced snow, if
anything, is suffering a series of
salutary setbacks. ©
' The key development in this
situation in this century began with
a judgment by Mr. Justice William
Morrow of the Supreme Court of
the Northwest Territories. He
permitted the Indian Brotherhood
of.the Northwest Territories to file

a claim of interest in 400,000 square -

miles of the Territories. This did
not certify that the Indians had an
interest; it merely ‘put the
Government in the position of

having to determine, through the.

courts or by political negotiations
with the native peoples, whether a
legal claim did exist and, if so,
what it was worth.
Premier Robert Boundses of
Quebec has proved that he read

Mungo Martin
fund award winners

VICTORIA — The B.C. Indian
Arts and Welfare Society has
announced the 1974 awardees of the
Mungo Martin Memorial Fund.

They are: Charles P. Heit,
Kispiox Band, an artist; Carl E.
Beam, West Bay Band, an artist;
Nellie G. Nelson, Tsawataineuk
Band, a student; and Jeannette C.

Bonneau, Okanagan Band, a
student of fine arts.
The annual: awards com-

niemorate the Late Kwakiutl chief,
artist, philosopher, and carver.
memorial... fund. is ad-
ministered by a board of trustees
named by the society, and awards
are from $50 to $300.

Applications for awards should
be made on.forms provided by the

‘ board of trustees, and may be

submitted any time to:
The Board of Trustees
Mungo Martin Memorial

Mr. Justice Morrow correctly. The
Indians and Inuit people have been
challenging Mr. Bourassa’s James:

Bay project. Last November 29, -

Mr. Bourassa made them an offer,
which he has now disclosed (in a
somewhat warmer version).

On ‘the surface it looks like. an
offer worth considering. He would
transfer .to the native peoples
approximately 1,380,000 acres
(some. 2,000 square miles) of
territory and compensate them to
a total.of $100 million. But these
items could be the least important
in a complex offer which tries to
meet complex demands.

Mr. Bourassa would make laze
changes to the James Bay project
te accommodate some of the native
complaints, he would give them
specific — rather than vague —
promises of means to. maintain
their environment and_ their
traditional pursuits, while also
offering them to help to adapt, at
their own pace, to the world which
is changing around them even if
the James Bay. project were
abandoned. He would establish a
native development corporation,
negotiate a tri-partite agreement
involving the federal government,
the provincial government and the

‘Indian-Inuit peoples..

Federal Indian. Affairs aia

Northern Development Minister
Jean Chretien has given qualified
endorsement to the proposals as ‘a
good basis for further’ negotiations
and I hope the native people take
this into account ..
a negotiated settlement in the near
future.” He went too far, however,
with_his threat that if the native
peoples “are completely
unreasonable, then I might be less
willing to give them money to stay
in court.”” .
' The native peoples are sounding
very much like a union in a
bargaining session. ‘‘These
proposals. aren’t worth a bloody
damn,’’ said. Andrew ‘Delisle,
president of the Indians of Quebec
Association.

OUR CHILDREN

.and bring about

One meeting of Cree Indians talked .
little of the cash involved, much of -
the land. Said one elder, ‘‘This- land _
is ours.and it will-always be ours:
We must hold on to it: for our
children:for they are our priority.”

Negotiations could: be said,
roughly speaking, to be under way.
Leonard Marchand, an Indian and
member .of Parliament for
Kamloops-Cariboo in British
Columbia, saw the Quebec offer as
a precedent that could be used by
B.C. Native peoples seeking
compensation for the right-of-way
for a. proposed gas pipeline which
would run from Alaska’s” North
Slope through the Yukon and
British Columbia to the United
States Pacific Northwest.

“Its a very good offer on the
part of Quebec,” said Mr. Mar-
chand, ‘‘and. I hope that Mr.
Barrett (Premier David Barrett of
British Columbia) takes note. I say

jit is a very good precedent and a
very good offer without in any way

trying to speak for the Indians of
the James Bay area.”

It is a precedent which might
also be applied, retroactively, to

‘the case of the Nishga Indians ‘in

British Columbia. They had
claimed, against the former Social
Credit Governnment, rights to
4,800 square miles of Crown land in
the Nass River Valley. The
Supreme Court of Canada split
three-three on the issue, and the
judge with the deciding vote
rejected the Indian case on a
technicality. Perhaps the New
Democratic Government now. in
power would re-open negotiations.

What is most important about
Quebec’s offer is that it has been
made and that itis far from token.
Mr. Justice Morrow’s legal nudge

from the Northwest Territories has
‘produced excellent fruit. Quebec is

ready to deal. The federal
government and British Columbia

‘will find it very difficult, in such

circumstances, not to follow the
Quebec example.

Mr. Chretien gives evidence of
having read Mr. Justice Morrow’s
message. Can the New Democratic

2ND ANNUAL BOWLSPIEL

Bigger tournament expected

DUNCAN — The second annual
All Native Bowlspiel will be held on
April 6 and 7, 1974, at the Duncan
Lanes.

_ Andrew Tom said it is hoped that
the second tournament will be
bigger and better than the. first
which had enjoyed good success.

“We had 14 teams participating

Tillicum Haus five
wins first place

DUNCAN — The Tillicum Haus
quintet of. Nanaimo took the

championship of the second annual
girls
_ basketball competitions held on
and 3, 1974, at the ‘

Khowatzun .: Redskins.
‘February
Cowichan High School.

_ _Tillicum Haus“ defeated the
Cowichan team, . 29-23. In the
consolation round, Musqueam won
over Victoria by three, 32-29.

Karen White of Tillicum' was
named most valuable player;
Jennifer Williams, Cowichan, most
inspirational. player; . Debbie

Sparrow, highest scorer with 73
points in four games.

Victoria won. the. most sport-
smanlike team award, and one of
its players, Pat Vickers, was on the
first all star team selection.

Others on the selection were:
Debbie Sparrow, Musqueam; Vina
Robinson, Nanaimo; Karen White,
Nanaimo;
Cowichan.

A second. all star team’ was
named with Gina Underwood,
Saanich; Lynn Thomas,
Cowichan; _. Lee Sparrow,

’ Musqueam: Dorothy Bennett,
LaPush; and Lavina_ Brown,
Nanaimo. — FRED GEORGE

averages,

and Florence Elliot, -

last year, with three or four teams
from the Saanich area,” Tom said.

Entry forms and information are
available from Tom, P.O. Box 557,
Duncan, phone 748-9343;. or from

Ronald George, P.O. Box- 140,

Duncan. .
All entries ‘should be

in by
midnight, March 30, 1974.

A team of four bowlers must pay -
-an entry fee of $8.00;.a deposit of |

$4.00, no refund, is required with
each entry submitted.

Each bowler will pay $1.65 for -.

each shift, and if there are no
men will, use 175;
women, 150. co

‘The averages must be certified, ~

as of February 2, by the league

secretary or the manager of —
Duncan Lanes.

_ Substitutions. must be made at
least one hour before schedule to
play, and the player must not have.
a higher average than the player
replaced. Also the substitution
must be approved by. the tour-
nament committee.

Late players will start at the —

completion of thwe frame in
progress.

Bowlers must play in the order
listed on their entry form and for
one team only.

Team captains are responsible
for collecting entry fee, bowling
fee, and for checking draw time.

Team captains are also
responsible for signing and
checking score sheets, turning. in

‘the score sheets.

Scores must be marked in every
frame and are final.

CBC rules will apply,
decisions of. the
committee are final.

and
tournament

Tacoma belles
take trophy

MUSQUEAM RESERVE (Staff)
— The belles from Tacoma outshot

the Tillicum Haus quintet, 49-21, to

win the championship of the second
Musqueam Sr. Women’s
Basketball Invitational Tour-
nament. —

Eleven teams, including a team
from. Lummi, Washington, com-

peted at games held here from -

February 22 to 24,

With some fancy passing,
Tacoma blanked the quintet from
Nanaimo during the early play,

‘and at half-time held a. 29-10 ad-
_ vantage.

Third place: was. won by . the

_‘Musqueam. ladies team, while the
~ most: sportsmanlike team. trophy: »

‘went to another Musqueam. team,
“St. Michael’s.
‘ The presentation of awards was

~ ‘presided..by the: chairman of. the

Musqueam recreation
mission, Ernie. Campbell.
Judges were Dickie Leeson, Ben
Robinson of: the .B.C. Native
Amateur Sports .and Recreation
Federation, and Arlie.
_ The other teams who took part in
the tournament are: North Van-
couver, Port Alberni, Vancouver
Indian Centre, Khowatzun, Vie-
toria, and Ucluelet.

com-

$1,000 donation ©

VANCOUVER [Staff] — Roger
Adolph, director, B.C. Native
Amateur Sports and Recreation
Federation, has announced the
first donation received for the
Winter Games from the Thompson
River Indian District Council.

‘The Council has sent a check 1a
$1,000.

_all-star, most valuable player, and high scorer [71 points];
Robinson, Tillicum Haus, all-star; Karen White, Tillicum Haus, all-star

WILLARD SPARROW Memorial Trophy for the first place team sits

prominently on the floor backgrounded by all star players. The trophy
went to the Tacoma team, captained by All-Star Connie Hayward [third
from left]. Others in photo are: [L-R] Marilyn Peint, holding the
Musqueam trophy for most-sportsmanlike team, captainof St. Michael’s;
Linda Costello, Tacoma, most inspirational player; Debbie Tully, all- .
star; Cindy Sparrow, Musqueam, all-star; Leona Sparrow, Musqueam,
Vina

and honorable mention as high scorer; Pat Vickers, Victoria, all-star;
and Pat Williams, Khowatzun, all-star. Robyn Sparrow, St. Michael’s,
and Eileen Nahanee, North Vancouver, were also chosen for the all-star
team. [Nesika photo]

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FESU PUR PitUdl CHSUTeS TUT Harvest UF Til

Interpretation by .

- HATTIE FERGUSSON
' The eulichan. (oolichan fish)
formed an important part in the
diet of the native people of British
Columbia. It is a species of the
smelt fish family. The oil extracted
from it was valuable and is high in
protein. It .was also known as
candlefish, because, when dried
and lit, it would burn like a candle.
Each native _ household,
depending on its size, required
from five to 10 tons of fish to see
them through the winter. The fish
were processed by. drying in the
-. sun and smoking, or rendered and

set like lard or as oil.

‘The first appearance of the

culichan usually takes place about
the middle of March, and continues
to run in enormous schools for the
following six weeks.

- The extracted oil was a great

article of trade with the Indians of.
the interior of B.C., and the routes -

over which the -oil..was : carried
were known. as “grease trails.”
The Tsymsheans were - great
traders in the eulichan oil, as they
had the Nass and the Skeena
rivers, two large breeding grounds
of the fish.

FIRST RUN- RITES
As with the season of the salmon,

certain rites were observed .when
the first run of the eulichan

arrived. These ceremonies varied
among the different tribes, but the

basic custom was. the same. in.

calling for a strict observance. of
the ritual for the first:run. ~
-Observance of the ritual was

believed to ensure a full harvest of
fish, and so the first cooking of the .
- eulichan had:to be-done in a special

way.
- Women were honored by being
chosen.to- cook the eulichan. She
had to. be of middle age, very
sedate and solemn as to her duties.
Her headdress was a big woven
straw hat; she wore mittens woven
of crush cedar bark.

About 50 eulichans were brought
to her, placed on a wooden rack of

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hard wood, and she held this rack
over a fire built.of spruce bark. She
and no one else was to blow on this

fire while the fish were cooking, for --

if anyone else did it, they believed

that the north wind would surely .
spring up, which would prevent the —

canoes from facing it.and so would
halt the fishing.

CEDAR MAT

When the fish browned on one
side, a clean cedar mat was placed
close to the fire, and the 50 honored
people selected to participate in
the ceremony were called in. As
the rack of half browned fish was
turned over on to the mat, these
participants shouted, ‘‘Great honor
to the eulichan!”’

The lady who cooked the fish
would then give each one a fish,
after it was cooked completely on

the side of the fire, and she would _

order each one to honor the fish as

they ate it. They were to hold the

fish flat on the hand, break it into
two, and eat it very hot. No one was
allowed to cool the figh in any way,
because. doing so may bring a
storm.

After eating the fish, no one, no
matter how thirsty they may be,
was allowed to.drink a drop of

water because that would cause.

OLUMN REPRINT

the rain to fall and spoil the fishing.

Looking back, these ancient
customes seems strange and, to
modern Indians, a little ridiculous.
But the ritual served the purpose of
making people conscious of the
great importance of the arrival of

the fish, upon which they depended

on so much.

SAYING GRACE
It was, in-a sense, their manner
of saying grace for meals to come.
Customs differ with the country
and, because of the differences, the
source of questioning to others.
The Chinese people, for instance,

used to laden a grave with roasted ~

suckling pig and all the trimmings
and side dishes.

A story is told of an American
admiral who jokingly asked his
Chinese servant, ‘‘When do you
suppose your dead will eat all that:
food on the grave?”’

The. Chinese replied, “At the
same time your dead will smell the
flowers!” .

So, when it comes tothe customs
of different races. of people, it is.

_ well not to be too critical and

remember that, while the custom
may appear strange, it is the
thought behind it which has the
true and sincere meaning:

Reading the fine print
in Quebec’s offer

By MAURICE WESTERN

OTTAWA -— At a press con.

ference earlier this week, Indian
Affairs Minister Jean Chretien
referred in glowing terms to the
offer. -made by the Quebec

-government. tothe Indians and
- Eskimos threatened by the James

Bay project.
But the suggestion of impatience
in. the minister’s remarks is dif-

- ficult to. understand: After. all, it
‘took: Quebec approximately 64

years to work out the proposal put
forward by Premier
Rourassa. Are the Crees and
Eskimos to be given only two
months to make their decision?
According to many reports the
Quebec government has offered
the James Bay people in cash and
royalties a maximum of-. $100
million over 10 years. This is a

nice, round, reassuring figure. Mr.

Chretien himself,. perhaps im-
pulsively, has taken it at face
value, reckoning that about $10,000
will accrue indirectly to every Cree
and Eskimo.

NOT WHAT IT SEEMS

On closer inspection, the matter
looks decidely different.

The financial settlement offered
the Indians provides for A down
payment plus promissory notes
coming due over the next decade.

The simple fact is that a
promissory note is not worth its
face value. According to my bank
manager, the discount rate
currently is 10-1/2 per cent.

The offer does not provide for all

of the $100 million to be delivered in’

a series of cash payments.

- But.assume for a moment that it
did. and that a promissory note
nominally worth $16 million was to

come due in each of 10 successive.

years. The present value of the $10
million which “would,
hypothetically, come due a year
hence is only $8.85 million. The
present value of the following
year’s payment is $7.9 million. And
so on.

Thus what the Indians are of-
fered, at maximum is not $100
million but some $52 million.

TERMS ARE VAGUE

By similar calculation Mr.
Chretien's.$10.000 becomes $52 975.

Robert

“he is-

The .balance, not to exceed. $60
million, would come from
royalties. But the Quebec govern-
ment has not identified the
royalties which it has in mind.

‘How long will it take to collect
them? What will they be’ worth
when “collected, given- the
lamentable fact. that the pur-
chasing power of the dollar is
diminishing ‘at a current rate of
close to 10 per cent per annum? .

There have been suggestions in
impatient letters” to Quebec
newspapers. that what is involved
is a simple matter of ex-
propriation.

‘But when a person’s property -is
expropriated for public purposes,
supposed to receive
something like fair market value in
compensation and, of course, he is
not paid in promissory notes.

What Mr. Bourassa appears to
be talking ‘about is an offer which
would give each acre a value of
something less than 50 cents.

CHEAP LAND

*At the same time, he is eager
to pump $5.8 billion of investment
money into this cheap acreage.
Related investment may push the
total to $10 billion.

It is only fair to observe that
there are other considerations,
including the land to be retained by
the Indians which is apparently
worth, by Mr.  Bourassa’s
calculations, $640,000 or $64 per
person. The government has also .
offered to modify the great power
project so as-to avert some of the.,
threatened damage.

But some of the premier’s claims
have been remarkable.

MUST LOOK CLOSELY “a
He has said-the money to pay the
Indians will not add to the project
cost. Yet the project as revised
may, he hints, yield more power,

not less.

Is it any wonder that the Indians,
not unfamiliar with misleading -
government advertising,
anxious to ascertain how much
fantasy there is in claims of a
“fantastic opportunity,’’ before
they sign away their rights?

This critical attitude, this~
enlightened prudence, is a
reflection of progress in the North.
Who knows what imnrovementsc

are -

UldyUQuUUls TUE TUF SUITS ail Udiite HOW

CLAYOQUOT BAND members hard at work on a badly needed new
house. The employment situation for the band is quite good with a logging
. industry nearby that runs the entire year as well as the commercial
- fishing. The village is also in the position to take advantage of a large

By G.McKEVITT
‘The Clayoquot Band at. Opitsat,
near Tofino, on the West Coast of
Vancouver Island, had a new water
system installed eight years ago,
to date they have had a total use of
one month from it.

It all started when the Indian
affairs department agreed to
replace the inadequate old system.
Instead of using local contractors
as recommended by. the Band
Council, they brought in a firm
from the Victoria area.

The firm succeeded in using up
the entire budget of $45,000 on the
preliminary parts of the project

- without laying a:single inch of pipe.

The Band took over the un-
finished job and acquired another
$8,000 with which they bought and
laid the entire steel pipeline down
to the village.

DIA mistake

The mistake, however, was to
follow the.specific plan of the DIA
engineer who recommended that
the line be laid above ground. Since
it was installed it has frozen up
every year. .

_The Band had also suggested the

“use of plastic pipe which would
have been cheaper and easier to
install and more resistant. to
freezing. They were told that ‘“‘the
wolves would chew on. the plastic.”

in addition, when the system was
working, the pressure proved too

‘much forthe old ‘weak village

system, causing it to break down.

Over the years a large amount of
money has been spent in attempts
to get the system functioning. In
September, 1972, three men were
hired and $1,250 was spent to repair
it; it froze up a week later.

Money is wasted

Consequently the Band still
relies on the entirely inadequate
original system. Chief Joseph
Frank said he cannot understand
the DIA’s thinking: “If we could
get enough money to do a proper
job we would be alright. But in-
stead we geta little at a time and it
is wasted.”

They have experienced much the

same problem with the garbage
dump on the reserve. Since the
Clayoquots live on an island this
facility is essential. Only recently,
however, has money come through
to attempt the project.
_The funds have proven only
partially adequate, though, with
enough to complete the dump site
and for workers wages, but none
for materials to complete the road,
which is essential in this case. The
dump, consequently, is rendered
useless at the present.

These are two of the reasons that
put financial matters at the top of
the priority list for Frank and his
Council. He, together with the
Band Manager, Howard Tom, take

number of tourists that visit the nearby Pacific Rim National Park. The
homemakers club has plans to build a craft store on a small plot of land

the band happens to own right in the middle of the park.

“an-urlusual attitude towards the

cultural revival ‘in evidence _in
B.C.’s. Indian communities.

The culture binge
Said Frank: “I can’t understand

Spending $50,000 on a_ cultural

centre when our people continue to
live in condemned houses or new
ones that won’t last 10 years after
they are built. And there is lots of
money around for these cultural
projects but just try and get in-
creased housing grants and see
what happens.”’

Housing is a particular problem
in Opitsat village. The houses
stand open ina line along the shore
facing thé constant wind and
blustery ocean. An ocean that
provides many of the band with

- their living but reeks havoc on the

sparsely finished DIA houses.

The Band has taken over its own
construction now, but. still has to
contend with the low money
allocation and typically inadequate
materials sent to them. An
example is the asphalt shingles
supplied that peel off easily with
the first strong wind. They had
asked for cedar.

Frank said that he saw the only
hope at present for better housing
was for the individuals to apply to
CMHA for loans over and above the
$8,500 allocation: ‘“‘Leave it up to
the individual whether he wants a
better house or not.”

NOW HEN, CHIEF I HAVE

a
aa

Si: mont “Eo > €

cat
zs

LA DEED HERE WHICH...
yp

[ Nesika photo]

the’ ‘Clayoquois also ® shave a
‘somewhat

sensitive attitude
toward archaeological digging on
their reserve lands. It is. un-

‘derstandable considering, among

other things, they were the victim

of a nationally publicized grave
‘robbery last year when a mummy

was stolen from one of their burial
caves.

A team of archaeologists from
UBC came around recently to get
permission for a digging near the

village; Frank told them: ‘You.

can do it if you don’t mind the Band
coming over and digging up UBC
for awhile.’’ He says he has not
seen them since.

The Band has to wait for their
administration grant to come
through. Therefore they are, in
many ways, often stalemated with

no control over their own financial.

matters, nor money to hire staff.

Revenue-producing projects .and
other programs are for this reason,
stalemated, too. The Band’s 370
members, however, have an ace in
the hold for the future, when they

have better control of their affairs.

Tourist prospects

Right in the middle of nearby™

Pacific Rim National Park, on one
end of Long Beach, they have 17

acres of land which has gone un-

touched by the park. %

The Band’s Homemaker’s

Association have taken some
See page 12: INDIAN

GRANDFAHER, BAT 1S A PIECE OF PAPER
WHAT 1S | WHICH THE WHITE MAN USES
ADEEDS | TO PROVE HE OWNS OUR LAND.

JOIN THE PARKS
eCORPS IN SUMNER

- VANCOUVER (Staff) - The
regional office’ of. Indian * attains
here, through Larry Guno, will
coordinate a recruiting of Indian
students for the Conservation
Corps program.

The program, under Parks
- Canada, has 200 jobs available for
student employment this summer. -
Sixty of these have been allotted
for Indian. involvement; out of 60
jobs, in turn, eight are reserved to
the B.C. region.

In a meeting at the regional
office it was suggested that
‘preference he given to students in
the Kootenay area, where two
national parks using the program
are located.

Student applicants must be
between 16 and 19 years, and in
grade 10-or eleven. A medical
certificate is required from each
applicant.

Besides learning about the-
organization of Pargs Canada and
of parks management, those who
will join the program will be
trained and be werking on, among
others, wildlife biology, fish and
game regulations, identification of
flora, bush survival,. gearch and
rescue, picnic area and cam-
Bground maintenance, and tree
planting.

The activities will vary from”
park to park, but the work is broad
and will require initiative and
enthusiasm. The program will
involve. “‘challenging manual
labor.”’

All corps members will be given —
hard hats and warm and adequate .
bedding. Other items wil! be
available depending on location
and facilities available.

Corps members will be paid $76 a
week; $14 will be deducted weekly
for room and board. .

The program starts in July for a
seven-week period. The screening
of applications ends in April, 1972.

Applications should be sent to

Continued from page 10
initiative already with a craft-shop

they hope to open to the throngs of.

. tourists the park is attracting to
the. area.
- “We'd stick a high-rise resort

there, if we could get the backing,’’.
smiled Howard Tom. The Council .
has in fact been approached by a

number of promoters with similar
intentions but. were refused.

.“If we have any. development in >

there it will be owned and con-
trolled by the Band,” said Chief
Frank.

Meanwhile,
Opitsat village with most of the
men. away fishing or logging, or
trying to get the water ayeem to
work.

Good relations

The Band relies.to a large extent —

- on the facilities of nearby Tofino

where they do most of their _

shopping, and many of the women,
off and on; work in the stores and
~ coffee shops. Except for the three-
and four-year-olds who go to the
reserve day-school run by Agnes
Tom, all the children are ferried
across the bay every day to schools
in the Tofino area.
Frank said.he was. pleased with
the relationship they have with the
- non-Indian community, citing as

an. example his and a Toquat Band — -

member’s position on the Hospital
Board in Tofino: ‘People from
outside are amazed at how well the
community, Indian and non-
Indian, get. along in the area.”’
Frank believes that hope for his

people lies in looking to the future, '

not to the past: ‘I haven’t got time

for dancing and cultural meets,

there is. too much to do now. The

past is over and the real solutions
lie ahead of us.’

life goes on. at

A VIEW of part of the Clayoquot Band’s village including their playing
field and small church. On the right is an example of one of the old houses
the band is trying to replace as. quickly as possible. Chief Joe Frank,
however, about some of the new housing as well, stated that. they were

| CAPILANO. RESERVE SITE

Death tate tops birth rate
among Macleod Lake people

By HAROLD MORIN

Native Courtworkers and
Counsellors Association of B.C.

Macleod Lake is a town 100 miles.

north of Prince George. The
population there amounts to ap-
proximately 100 people, both
native and white. The only
recreation available in the winter,
it seems, is a pool table and a bar
at the hotel.

' The Macleod Lake Hotel and bar
was built in 1956. Since that time

Highways department

now studying report

VICTORIA (Staff) — A. report
charging that the provincial
government does not care about
the highway fatality rate in the
McLeod Lake area, north of Prince
George, is now under study by the
highways department according to
NDP MLA Alf Nunweiler.

The report, submitted to the
government by native courtworker
- Harold Morin, pointed out the
extraordinarily. high and
longstanding fatality rate on the
portion of Highway 97 running
through the McLeod Lake reserve.
’- In -his report Morin suggested two

_ things that could be done to
remedy the situation: lower the
- present speed limit to 30 mph and
provide more adequate policing.

In Victoria Nunweiler said that
he has submitted the report to the
highways department for action
and he expects it will be making
some recommendations by the
middle of March after they com-
plete their own study.

Mr. Nunweiler said that. he had

been trying to contact Morin to

Aicartie)edc with tha enurtwoarker

and to date there as been 27 ac-

cidental deaths on the Indian

reserve, 17 hit and runs, and 10
drownings.

_ There has been a ‘total of 26
people born on the reserve ‘since
1956. The death rate actually ex-
ceeds the birth rate during that
time.

Although you cannot single out
any one cause, there are many
contributing factors. behind the
deaths of these people. First,. I
would like to recommend that the
department of highways pay

special attention to that area.

Being there myself, I find that
the visibility is bad, and it would be
impossible to stop suddenly. The
Macleod Lake area is a winding
and dangerous road. May I suggest

that it would also help to lower the.
speed limit (now 60 mph) from the.

Macleod Hotel to the reserve,
whichis three miles away. It is not
only a hazard to native people, but
probably to others as well.
Second, there is lack of police
coverage in this same area. I
talked to the RCMP detachment in
Mackenzie, which is responsible
for the areas of Macleod ‘Lake,
Fort Ware, Pine Pass - and
Mackenzie itself.
.. The force has a staff of seven
officers, plus the commanding
officer. One would find that it is
virtually impossible to cover all
that area with seven officers on
eight-hour shifts.

If the departments’ mentioned —

would do their part, it would
contribute.a lot to get the accident
rate down considerably. If there is
nothing done about this area, the
death rate will continue to rise.
(Note: Morin has sent copies of a
more complete renort to the B.C.

designed for more docile climates than the windy west coast. The vitta ge
faces, for the most part, directly on to the ocean and the standard siding

on the houses has a short life in the winter gales.

[Nesika photo]

Federal environment centre criticized -

VANCOUVER — The proposed
Pacific Environment Centre, to be
built -on a. ‘‘loan-lease’’
arrangement -between _ the
Squamish Indian Band and the
federal government, has’ been
attacked as a ‘“‘purely political’’
decision.

Employees of the department of
environment under Minister Jack
Davis criticized, the proposed
centre as to efficiency of operation
and to the suitability of the site.

The proposed centre and the
agreement to lease 55 acres of

‘Indian reserve land under the

Lions Gate Bridge were announced

‘at the end of January, 1974.

Described -as a ‘‘park-like

Native housing

VICTORIA — Housing Minister
Lorne Nicolson, during the debate
on the budget, has revealed that
payments of $862,000 have been
made to reserve Indians since
July, 1973,. when the provincial

- home acquisition grant was ex-

tended to them.

‘Among new legislation for
housing is a bill to provide
assistance to renters. similar to

that given home-owners by the

Home Owners Grant.

Bill 8 renames the Elderly
Citizen Renters Grant Amendment
Act to Renters Resources Grant
Act and provides an annual grant
of $80 to renters over age 65 and $30
annually to renters under 65 years.

Magic at craft market

PORT COQUITLAM — Magician
John Peterson will be one of the
entertainment features of the
Burnaby Art Council’s. craft
market on April 7, 1974.

Admission to the market is free.

development,” the centre will’

house a weather office. The plan is
to move the weather office at
Vancouver International Airport
within two years.

This-first phase of development
will also include the Environment
Protection Service and a public
information centre.

Later development phase will
include the fisheries and wildlife
services and land directorate. _
_ The site was under. lease. to
Vancouver Wharves for 80 years at
about $48,000 a year. The govern-
ment agreed to buy out the lease

for $4 million, and to pay more than.
’ $48,000 yearly to the Squamish

Band.
The Band, in turn, will pay back
the $4 million to the government.
Criticisms of the proposed centre
by environment department
employees focussed on the site.

-“It is my opinion that when you
get the whole picture, the con-
clusion that the selection of the site
is wholly political is irresistible,
said Joseph Clare of the Pacific
Institute of the Public Service of
Canada.

The site is allegedly in a heavy-
rain area and will require main-
taining a second weather office at
the airport; it is also in an area of
allegedly high pollution - and
drifting sulphur dust from Neptune
Terminals.

B.C. fishermen based in
Steveston will have to go to the
North Shore for information and
licenses; according to Clare.

He added: ‘‘The decision to put:
the centre at that point is purely
political, without regard for the
services they are supposed to
provide or the people they are

‘supposed to serve.”

BCANSI hopeful about
self-held timber bid

VANCOUVER — The B.C.
Association of Non-Status Indians
are very hopeful about starting
what it calls the largest self-help~
project in North America.

The association is one of three
bidders, from an original six, to cut:
timber in the Burns. Lake and
Babine area. Involved are 180,000
cunits of timber annually for 12
years.

The non-status association made.
the bid on behalf of the community
of Burns Lake and proposes to use
native employees in extensive
number.

The other two bidders, Babine
Forest Products. and Fraser Lake
Sawmills Ltd., bid for all the

ILA ARATE WehtlA. tha ener rAtabticdcK

harvesting and sawmill package
and social development.

“We are convinced that Bob
Williams will recommend to
cabinet in favor of our proposal, -

‘said House.

The proposal is. described as
needing an $18-million investment
capital. An association spokesman
made the assurance that the group
has provincial and _ federal
governments’ support as well as
the support of individuals and
corporations in the woods industry.

In a_ statement, BCANSI
President House said: ‘‘Premier
Barrett’s recent support of

grassroots involvement in the
development of resource-based
sadiictriag in thea narth hae ereaatad

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